==Primrose==

==Primula vulgaris.  Hardy perennial==

The mere name of this flower is sufficient to recall visions of spring and perhaps of happy visits to its haunts in days gone by.  But many ardent lovers of the Primrose may not know that the strains which are now in favour embrace a wide range of colour, from pure white to deep crimson or maroon, various shades of yellow and orange, and rich blue.  In fact, in a batch of seedlings nearly every plant may differ from its companions.  They all agree, however, in possessing the delicate perfume which is characteristic of the hardy woodland favourite.  Fancy Primroses are prized as pot and border flowers, and they fully reward florists for all the care which has been devoted to their improvement.  They will bloom satisfactorily in any shady spot; but to grow them to perfection requires a stiff moist loam, on the north side of some hedge or shrubbery, where glimpses of sunshine occasionally play upon them.  Here large flowers, intense in colour, will be abundantly produced far into the spring.

The finest plants are generally obtained from a February or March sowing made in pans or boxes.  Seed may also be sown from May to July in carefully prepared ground in the open.  If inclined to take some pains in raising the plants—­and they are certainly worth it—­make the summer sowings in seed-pans in ordinary potting soil; sprinkle a little sand over the seed, and as a finish press firmly down.  Sheets of glass laid over the pans and turned daily will prevent rapid evaporation and help to keep the soil uniformly moist.  The seedlings either may be potted once, and then be planted out, or, if strong enough, they may be transferred straight to flowering positions.  Should this mode of procedure be considered too troublesome, prepare a shady patch of ground by deep digging; make it firm and level, and on this sow in shallow drills, covering the seed very lightly.  A dressing of soot over the surface, and a cordon of ashes round it, will keep off slugs.  Thin if necessary, and when the plants are strong enough, remove to their proper quarters.  In February the buds will begin to show, and those intended for pots should be allowed to reveal their colours before they are taken up, so that a variety may be obtained.  From a retentive soil each plant with its surrounding earth may be taken out almost exactly of the size required, and it should be rather smaller than the pot which has to accommodate it.  A light soil must be watered the day before the operation, or the roots will be injuriously exposed.  When potted, place the plants in a shaded cold frame or greenhouse, allowing them plenty of space, and withhold water until it is absolutely necessary.  At first they should be kept close, but as the roots become established gradually give air more and more freely.  Cool, slow treatment is all that is required.  Any attempt to hurry the growth will only weaken the plants and ruin the colour of the flowers.  Just before the buds open, one or two applications of manure water will be beneficial.  When the display in pots is over, if the plants are put out in a shady border, they may flower again late in the season.