The proverb that what is worth doing is worth doing well is peculiarly exemplified in the cultivation of Carnations, the difference between the results of good and bad work being immense.  We therefore advise the preparation of a compost consisting of about three parts of turfy loam, to one part each of cow-manure and sweet leaf-mould, with a small addition of fine grit.  A compost that has been laid up for a year, according to the orthodox practice of florists, is very much to be desired; but it may be prepared off-hand if care be taken to have all the materials in a sweet, friable state, free from pastiness, and as far as possible free from vermin.  By laying it in a heap, and turning two or three times, the vermin will be pretty well got rid of.  Sow from April until August in 4-1/2 inch pots, which must be thoroughly drained.  The seed must be very thinly covered, and sheets of glass should be laid over to check evaporation.  Place the pots in a closed frame, or if the season be genial a sheltered border will suffice.  Immediately the plants are large enough to handle, prick them off into seed-pans, or round the edge of 48-size pots.  Place these in a cold pit or in the greenhouse.  Give shade and water until the plants have formed six or eight leaves, and then choose a moist day for planting out.

To insure flowering plants in the following summer it is necessary to have them strong and robust before the winter sets in.  As the blooming stems rise they must be carefully tied to tall sticks, stout enough to carry a cover for the bloom, if the plants are not flowered under glass.  When the buds show they should be thinned, leaving as a rule the top, third, and fourth buds.  The second is often too near the first, and some will not carry the fourth with vigour.  When the petals nearly fill the calyx, each one must be carefully tied with a thin strip of material a little more than halfway down, to prevent the calyx from bursting, which disqualifies the flower for exhibition.

==The early-flowering class== is extremely valuable for the ease with which it can be grown.  The seedlings offer the advantage of being far more floriferous than plants that have been propagated by the orthodox method, and they are quite immune from the disease which often decimates stocks raised from layers and cuttings.  Two strains—­Vanguard and Improved Marguerite—­possess these characteristics in a very high degree.  All the usual colours are included, and they not only make a very imposing display in the borders but are of great value for table decoration.  Within about six months from the time seed is sown an admirable form of delightfully scented Carnation is at the command of every gardener, and a succession of these popular flowers is available long after the perennial varieties have ceased to bloom.  Plants from seed sown in gentle heat in January or February will flower freely in the autumn of the same year, and if lifted and potted they will continue in bloom during the winter as ornaments of the greenhouse or conservatory.  From another sowing in autumn there will be a display in the following spring.