both to retain warmth and promote blanching.  This method produces a fair market sample, but a much better growth may be obtained by a good hot-water system, as will be understood from a momentary consideration of details.  By the employment of fermenting material the temperature runs up rapidly, sometimes extravagantly, so that it is no uncommon event for the growth to commence at 70 deg. to 80 deg.  Fahr., which may produce a handsome sample, but it will be flavourless.  The hot-water system allows of perfect control, and the prudent grower will begin at 50 deg., rise slowly to 60 deg., and take care not to exceed 65 deg.; the result will be a sample full of flavour, with a finer appearance than the best obtainable by the rougher method.

Forcing in frames is systematically practised in many gardens, and as it exhausts the roots there must be a corresponding production of roots for the purpose.  The first requisite is a good lasting hot-bed, covered with about four inches of light soil of any kind, but preferably leaf-mould.  The roots are carefully lifted and planted as closely as possible on this bed, and covered with fine soil to a depth of six inches.  The sashes are then put on and kept close; but a little air may be given as the heads rise, to promote colour and flavour.  The heat will generally run to 70 deg., and that figure should be the maximum allowed.  Experienced growers prefer to force at 60 deg. or 65 deg., and to take a little more time for the advantage of a finer sample.

==Broad Bean==

==Faba vulgaris==

The Broad Bean is a thrifty plant, as hardy as any in the garden, and very accommodating as to soil.  It is quite at home on heavy land, but in common with nearly all other vegetables it thrives on a deep sandy loam.  Considering the productive nature of the plant and its comparatively brief occupation of the ground, the common Bean must be regarded as one of our most profitable garden crops.  Both the Longpod and Windsor classes should be grown.  For general work the Longpods are invaluable; they are early, thoroughly hardy, produce heavy crops, and in appearance and flavour satisfy the world at large, as may be proved by appeal to the markets.  The Windsor Beans are especially prized for their superior quality, being tender, full of flavour, and, if well managed, most tempting in colour when put upon the table.

==For early crops== the Longpods claim attention, and sowings may be made towards the end of October or during November on a dry soil in a warm situation, sheltered from the north.  Choose a dry day for the operation.  On no account should the attempt be made while the soil conditions are unfavourable, even if the sowing is thereby deferred for some time.  The distance must depend upon the sorts, but two feet will answer generally as the distance between the double rows; the two lines forming the double rows may be nine inches apart, and the seed two inches deep.