this crop, provided only that the heat is not too great.  Pack the roots in mould or leaves, or even half-rotten manure, and shut them up to exclude light, and the crop will be ready in five or six weeks, unless forcing is commenced very early, in which case seven weeks at least must be allowed from the time of planting to that of the first cutting.  Roots that have been lifted for forcing should be thrown away when the crop has been secured, but roots forced in the open ground suffer so little by the process that they may be forced for several years in succession ere it becomes necessary to renew the plantation, provided, of course, that the work is well done.  The outdoor forcing is accomplished in the way described for growing the crop, with the aid of leaves only, but with certain differences.  In the first place, care must be taken to let the plants feel the cold, but at the same time to prevent the ground becoming frozen.  A touch of frost will render them more ready to grow when the cultivator brings his persuasions to bear by heaping hot manure over the pots, and covering the bed with a thick coat of the same.  This is all that can be done, but it is sufficient.  In cases where leaves and other suitable materials are not available, good Sea Kale may be grown by simply raising over each crown a heap of sand or sifted coal ashes, provided some clean material be interposed to keep the sand or ashes from actual contact with the plant.  When this heap begins to crack at the top it will be worth while to examine it at the bottom, when there will be found a fine head of blanched Sea Kale, and the mound will have served its purpose.

==To grow Sea Kale from seed== is a simple matter enough, but there is a loss of a year as compared with growing it from roots.  The ground should be rich and well worked, and the seed sown in March or April in drills one foot asunder if for planting out, or in patches about two and a half feet apart each way if to remain.  It is believed by many that Sea Kale should stand where sown, and we admit that analogies are in favour of the proposal.  But every year such fine produce is obtained from transplanted roots that we have not the courage to condemn a course of procedure which may not be theoretically correct.  The fact is, the root is tough and enduring, and suffers but little by moderate exposure to the atmosphere if handled in a reasonable manner.  But to return to the seeds:  they sprout quickly, and, soon after, the plants make rapid progress.  Let them have liberal culture, keep them scrupulously clean, and thin in good time.  If quite convenient, give a light sprinkling of salt occasionally in the summer:  they will enjoy it, and the leaves will not be injured in the least.

==Shallot==

==Allium ascalonicum==