The light of poetry is not only a direct but also
a reflected light, that while it shews us the object,
throws a sparkling radiance on all around it:
the flame of the passions, communicated to the imagination,
reveals to us, as with a flash of lightning, the inmost
recesses of thought, and penetrates our whole being.
Poetry represents forms chiefly as they suggest other
forms; feelings, as they suggest forms or other feelings.
Poetry puts a spirit of life and motion into the
universe. It describes the flowing, not the
fixed. It does not define the limits of sense,
or analyze the distinctions of the understanding,
but signifies the excess of the imagination beyond
the actual or ordinary impression of any object or
feeling. The poetical impression of any object
is that uneasy, exquisite sense of beauty or power
that cannot be contained within itself; that is impatient
of all limit; that (as flame bends to flame) strives
to link itself to some other image of kindred beauty
or grandeur; to enshrine itself, as it were, in the
highest forms of fancy, and to relieve the aching
sense of pleasure by expressing it in the boldest manner,
and by the most striking examples of the same quality
in other instances. Poetry, according to Lord
Bacon, for this reason, “has something divine
in it, because it raises the mind and hurries it into
sublimity, by conforming the shows of things to the
desires of the soul, instead of subjecting the soul
to external things, as reason and history do.”
It is strictly the language of the imagination; and
the imagination is that faculty which represents objects,
not as they are in themselves, but as they are moulded
by other thoughts and feelings, into an infinite variety
of shapes and combinations of power. This language
is not the less true to nature, because it is false
in point of fact; but so much the more true and natural,
if it conveys the impression which the object under
the influence of passion makes on the mind. Let
an object, for instance, be presented to the senses
in a state of agitation or fear— and the
imagination will distort or magnify the object, and
convert it into the likeness of whatever is most proper
to encourage the fear. “Our eyes are made
the fools” of our other faculties. This
is the universal law of the imagination,
“That if it would but apprehend some joy,
It comprehends some bringer of that joy:
Or in the night imagining some fear,
How easy is each bush suppos’d a bear!”
When Iachimo says of Imogen,
“------The flame o’ th’ taper Bows toward her, and would under-peep her lids To see the enclosed lights”—
this passionate interpretation of the motion of the flame to accord with the speaker’s own feelings, is true poetry. The lover, equally with the poet, speaks of the auburn tresses of his mistress as locks of shining gold, because the least tinge of yellow in the hair has, from novelty and a sense