Attempts being made, in both Rome and Spain, to suppress the new order of Augustinian Recollects, various testimonies to the value of their work, and to their piety and zeal, are furnished by various officials, both civil and ecclesiastical; and in connection with these is a statement of the scope and character of the occupations and services of the Recollects, in both peace and war.  Convents are founded by these missionaries at Bolinao and Cigayan.  At the latter place, one of the fathers is slain by an Indian, and the church is burned by the revolting natives; but the indefatigable missionaries return to the unpromising field, again subdue the wild Indians, and restore what these had destroyed.  Another residence is established at Cavite, which accomplishes great good among the seamen who live there.

The history of the discalced Augustinians is continued by Luis de Jesus.  In 1621 the reformed branch of the Augustinians is erected into a congregation independent of the original order.  In that year a convent of the discalced is founded in Cebu, and, through the generosity of their benefactor Ribera, another at Calumpan, outside the walls of Manila; the latter serves as a quiet retreat for the fathers, to the benefit of both their physical and spiritual health, and under its care is placed the village of Sampaloc.  In it is kept a miraculous image of the Virgin.  In 1622 the Recollects begin to evangelize Mindanao, of which island there is a brief description, with more detailed ones of certain curious birds and animals found there, and of the customs and beliefs of the natives.  Their government is simply the tyranny of the strong over the weak, a condition of oppression and cruelty and wretchedness.  Slavery, formerly a common practice among them, has been broken up where the missionaries have introduced the Christian religion.  In 1609 the natives of Caraga are subdued by the Spaniards, as also in 1613 a revolt by them is quelled; and finally (1622) the Recollects carry the gospel among them.  The missionaries do much to subdue these fierce savages, and make many converts—­notable among whom is a powerful chief named Inuc, whose example is followed by many.  A flourishing mission has also been established on the river of Butuan, where had formerly been a Christian mission, now abandoned.  Detailed accounts are given of the labors and dangers which the fathers undergo, and of certain conversions.  Our historian does the same for the missions in Calamianes and Cuyo.  It may be noted that the Recollect missionaries vigorously pursued the same policy as that of the Jesuits in forming “reductions” or mission villages of their converts.  Various miraculous events in the experience of the missionaries are related, especially the exorcism of certain demons who attempted to drive the Spanish soldiers out of the country.  Another mission is opened on the Cagayan River in Misamis, northern Mindanao; the fathers meet great trials and hardships, but finally succeed in converting