during the dignified exile of his later years, which contained only the words—­“... ta Patria ... ne ...”  Antiquarians have filled out this sentence into the touching epigraph recorded by Livy, which Scipio himself wished to be put upon his tomb:  “Ingrata Patria, ne ossa quidem, mea habes,” “My ungrateful country, thou hast not even my bones.”  Empty as the tomb of the Scipios looks, no one can behold it without feelings of profound veneration.  The history of the most heroic period of ancient Rome is linked with this tomb; and all the romance of the Punic Wars, of Hannibal and Hasdrubal, pass before the mind’s eye, as one gazes upon the desecrated chambers where the son and relatives of the great conqueror had reposed in death.

Within a short distance of the tomb of the Scipios are the most celebrated of all the Columbaria of Rome.  Previous to the fifth century of Rome, the bodies of the dead were buried entire, and deposited in sarcophagi; but after that period cremation became the universal custom.  The ashes and calcined bones were preserved in ollae, or little jars like common garden flower-pots, made of the same kind of coarse red earthenware, with a lid attached.  These jars were deposited in rows of little niches sunk in the brickwork all round the walls of the tomb, resembling the nests in a pigeon-house; hence the origin of the name.  One tomb was thus capable of containing the remains of a large number of persons; no less than six thousand of the freedmen of Augustus being deposited in the Columbarium which bears their name.  The entrance to these sepulchral chambers was from the top, descending by an internal stair; and the passages and walls were usually decorated with frescoes and arabesques, illustrating some mythical or historical subject.  The names of the dead were carved on marble tablets fixed above the pigeon-holes containing the ashes.  Columbaria being only used for dependents and slaves, were generally erected near the tombs of their masters; and hence all along the Appian Way we see numerous traces of them side by side with the gigantic monuments of the patrician families.  The Columbaria near the tomb of the Scipios are three in number, and contain the cinerary urns of persons attached to the household of the emperors from the reign of Augustus up to the period of the Antonines, when the system of burying the bodies entire was again introduced.  The last discovered Columbarium is the most interesting of the group.  Being only thirty-three years exposed, the paintings on the walls and the vases are remarkably well preserved.  This tomb contains the ashes of the dependents of Tiberius, the contemporary of our Lord.  One pigeon-hole is filled with the calcined bones of the court buffoon, a poor deaf and dumb slave who had wonderful powers of mimicry, and used to amuse his morose master by imitating the gesticulations of the advocates pleading in the Forum.  Another pigeon-hole contains the remains of the keeper of