Castings in a low relief formed the ornamentation of thrones [PLATE LXXIV., Figs. 2, 3], stools, and sometimes probably of chariots.  They consisted of animal and human figures, winged deities, griffins, and the like.  The castings were chiefly in open-work, and were attached to the furniture which they ornamented by means of small nails.  They have no peculiar merit, being merely repetitions of the forms with which we are familiar from their occurrence on embroidered dresses and on the cylinders.

[Illustration:  PLATE 75]

The embossed work of the Assyrians is the most curious and the most artistic portion of their metallurgy.  Sometimes it consisted of mere heads and feet of animals, hammered into shape upon a model composed of clay mixed with bitumen. [PLATE LXXV., Figs. 1, 2.] Sometimes it extended to entire figures, as (probably) in the case of the lions clasping each other, so common at the ends of sword-sheaths (see [PLATE LXXV., Fig. 3]), the human figures which ornament the sides of chairs or stools, and the like. [PLATE.  LXXV., Fig. 3.] Occasionally it was of a less solid but at the same time of a more elaborate character.  In a palace inhabited by Sargon at Nimrud, and in close juxtaposition with a monument certainly of his time, were discovered by Mr. Layard a number of dishes, plates, and bowls, embossed with great taste and skill, which are among the most elegant specimens of Assyrian art discovered during the recent researches.  Upon these were represented sometimes hunting scenes, sometimes combats between griffins and lions, or between men and lions, sometimes landscapes with trees and figures of animals, sometimes mere rows of animals following one another.  One or two representations from these bowls have been already given.  They usually contain a star or scarab in the centre, beyond which is a series of bands or borders, patterned most commonly with figures. [PLATE LXXVI., Fig 1.] It is impossible to give an adequate idea of the delicacy and spirit of the drawings, or of the variety and elegance of the other patterns, in a work of moderate dimensions like the present.  Mr. Layard, in his Second Series of “Monuments,” has done justice to the subject by pictorial representation, while in his “Nineveh and Babylon” he has described the more important of the vessels separately.  The curious student will do well to consult these two works, after which he may examine with advantage the originals in the British Museum.

[Illustration:  PLATE 76]

One of the most remarkable features observable in this whole series of monuments, is its semi-Egyptian character.  The occurrence of the scarab has been just noticed.  It appears on the bowls frequently, as do sphinxes of an Egyptian type; while sometimes heads and head-dresses purely Egyptian are found, as in [PLATE LXXVI., Fig. 2], which are well-known forms, and have nothing Assyrian about them and in one or two instances we meet with hieroglyphics, the onk (or symbol of life),