vol.  II pp. 217-257; R. Menendez Pidal, Una poesia inedita de Fray Luis de Leon, in the Revista de Filologia Espanola (Madrid, 1917), vol.  IV, pp. 389-390; C. Perez Pastor, Bibliografia madrilena (Madrid, 1891-1906-1907), parte ii, pp. 254-255, and parte iii, pp. 404-409; G. Vazquez Nunez, El padre Francisco Zumel, general de la Merced y catedratico de Salamanca (1540-1607), in Revista de Archivos, Bibliotecas y Museos, Tercera epoca (1918), vol.  XXXVIII, pp. 1-19, 170-190; (1918), vol.  XXXIX, pp. 53-67, 237-266; (1919), vol.  XL, pp. 447-466, 562-594.

J. F-K.

PS.  Had they reached me in time, the following two items would have been included in the respective sections of the foregoing summary bibliography:  Poesias originales de Fray Luis de Leon, ed.  F. de Onis, San Jose de Costa Rica, 1920; Ad.  Coster, Notes pour une edition des poesies de Luis de Leon in the Revue hispanique (1919), vol.  XLVI, pp. 193-248.

I

We are all of us familiar with the process of ‘whitewashing’ historical characters.  We are past being surprised at finding Tiberius portrayed as an austere and melancholy recluse, Henry VIII pictured as a pietistic sentimentalist with a pedantic respect for the letter of the law, and Napoleon depicted as a romantic idealist, seeking to impose the Social Contract on an immature, reluctant Europe.  Though the ‘whitewashing’ method is probably not less paradoxical than the opposite system, it makes a stronger and wider appeal, inasmuch as it implies a more amiable attitude towards life, and is more consonant with a flattering conception of the possibilities of human nature.  A prosaic narrative of established facts does not immediately recommend itself to the average man.  Possibly few have existed who were so good and so great that they can afford to have the whole truth told about them.  At any rate, it is easier to convey a picturesque general impression than to collect all the available evidence with the untiring persistence of a model detective and to present it with the impartial acumen of a competent judge.  Moreover, the inertia of pre-existing opinion has to be overcome.  Once readers have been accustomed to accept as absolutely authentic an idealized conventional portrait of a man of genius, it is difficult to induce them to abandon it for a more realistic likeness.  In the interest of historical truth, however, the attempt must be made.  We are sometimes told that ‘historical truth can afford to wait’.  That may be true; but it has waited for nearly four centuries, and, if it be divulged in English now, the revelation lays us open to no reasonable charge of indiscretion or indecent haste.