be small, considering the large amount of gold which these natives take from the mines and barter with the friendly Indians.  Even if the profit is not large enough to make it expedient to administer it on your Majesty’s account, in pacifying and reducing to obedience these Ygolotes Indians there will be no little advantage, besides the taxes, from reducing them to the vassalage of your Majesty, and to instruction in our holy Catholic faith, which they have never received.”

[51] “The nutmeg [Myristica fragrans] grows naturally in Cebu and in Laguna province, and will grow in all parts of the islands cultivated” (Report of U.S.  Philippine Commission, 1900, iii, p. 271).

Delgado states (Historia, p. 537) that in 1737 he found the nutmeg growing wild in Leyte, a native of the Visayas Islands.  He adds:  “It could be cultivated in these islands, if the natives would apply themselves to this work—­or at least if the alcaldes-mayor would compel them to do so, as they do now in La Laguna of Manila, from which results to the people of the islands no little benefit.”

[52] Probably the same as Ramon Beguer, who arrived in the islands in 1615, and ministered in various missions in Pangasinan.  Finally he retired to the Dominican convent in Manila, where he died in 1661 (Resena biog.  Sant.  Rosario, i, p. 348).

[53] George F. Becker in his “Report on Geology of the Philippine Islands”—­in Twenty-first Annual Report of U.S.  Geological Survey (Washington, 1901), part iii, pp. 487-625—­cites (p. 622; cf. also p. 517) the geologist R. von Drasche thus:  “Layers of tuff [or tufa—­a volcanic rock formed of agglutinated volcanic earth or scoria] are also exposed (Fragmente zu einer Geologie der Insel Luzon, pp. 29-31) at many points between Aringay and Benguet, but these tuffs toward the interior, even at Galiano, are ’no longer earthy, but quite hard, crystalline, and sandstone like.’” This probably explains Martin’s description of the hard ground.

Aringay is located on the northwestern coast of Luzon, at the mouth of Aringay River, in the province, of Union.

[54] Bacacayes; see description of these weapons in Vol.  XVI, p. 55, note 26.

[55] The distance from the end of the thumb to the end of the forefinger (both extended)—­about equivalent to the English span.

[56] For the dress of the Igorrotes, see Sawyer’s Inhabitants of the Philippines, pp. 254, 255, and the names of their various articles of dress, p. 264.

Concerning the Igorrotes, Bulletin No.  I, of the Census of the Philippine Islands:  1903, “Population of the Philippines” (Department of Commerce and Labor, Bureau of the Census:  1904) contains the following (p. 6):  “Of the other wild tribes in the Philippine Islands, one of the most important is the Igorot, which inhabits the central Cordillera from the extreme north of Luzon south to