[10] The discalced Franciscans were founded by St. Francis of Assisi, under the name Friars Minor, and the rule was very binding and strict.  Under the immediate successor of St. Francis, Elias of Cortona, sprang up a branch of the order, made up of former members who wished a less strict rule, and those who wished to preserve the strict rule were persecuted.  The members of the relaxed branch became known as “Conventuals” or “Minors Conventual” in contradistinction to the Friars Minor (or Minorites), who are known also as “Observants” or “Observantines.”  Three great branches sprang later from the Friars Minor:  Reformed Minors, founded in 1419, by St. Bernardino of Siena; the Recollects, founded in 1500, by John of Guadalupe; and the Alcantarines, founded in 1555, by St. Peter of Alcantara—­but all under one head or chief superior, termed minister-general.  The Alcantarines wore a white habit, the others brown, except in England and Spanish countries, where they wear gray.  In 1897, Pope Leo XIII, by his Bull Felicitate quadam ordered the Observants, Reformed, Discalced, or Alcantarines, and the Recollects, to unite under the same general superior, to use the same constitutions, to wear the same habit, and to bear the same name, viz., “Friars Minor.”  The Conventuals and Capuchins were to remain distinct orders as heretofore.  The term pano in the text refers to the Conventuals, the less strict branch of the Franciscans, who were wont to dress in what one might call “fine raiment”—­habits of cloth, as distinguished from the coarse serge-like stuff of the others.  Cf.  Addis and Arnold’s Catholic Dictionary.—­Rev. T.C.  Middleton.

[11] Referring to the church and convent of Santi Quattro Incoronati (one of the titular churches of Rome), which was founded by Honorius I (A.D. 622), on the site of a temple of Diana, in honor of four painters and five sculptors who all were martyred for refusing to paint and carve idols for Diocletian.  See historical and descriptive account of it in A.J.C.  Hare’s Walks in Rome, pp. 230-232.

[12] Argensola (Conquista), p. 317, mentions the Anhayes merchants, and speaks of them as coming from Chincheo.  See Vol.  XII of this series, pp. 155, 277; the word is there spelled avay and auhay, because thus written in the Spanish transcription from the original.

[13] Pedro de San Pablo made his profession in the Franciscan province of San Jose, and in 1606 went to the Philippines, where he was appointed conventual preacher of Naga.  In 1609 he went to Manila as preacher, and at the same time had charge of Santa Ana de Sepa.  October 29, 1611, he was elected definitor, and in 1616 minister of Santa Ana de Sepa once more.  He became provincial August 3, 1619, and held that office until March 15, 1622, when he embarked for Mexico, but died at sea.  See Huerta’s Estado.

[14] Spanish, descalces; literally, “barefootedness;” a term applied to monastic organizations whose members are not permitted to wear shoes.