as brothers), and Santiago de Vera, are lightly mentioned.  Limahon’s expedition against Manila (wrongly ascribed to the period of Legazpi’s governorship), and Sande’s expedition to Borneo are particularly mentioned.  The latter sacked the Bornean king’s city “with but little justification.”  In his time also the Chinese trade begins to be steady.  Gonzalo Ronquillo de Penalosa on coming to assume the governorship, according to the terms of his contract, brings a number of colonists, “who were called rodeados [34] because they had come by way of Panama ...  He was a peaceful man, although—­because he had brought two sons with him, besides other relatives, whom he allowed to live with considerable laxity; and because numerous complaints had been written from the city to his Majesty—­his Majesty, seeing the great trouble experienced in preaching the gospel, the evil example that those sons and relatives furnished, and the harm that this would cause unless it were stopped, removed Ronquillo from his governorship, and sent the royal Audiencia to govern, and as governor and captain-general its president, one Santiago de Vera.”  On the latter’s arrival he finds Diego Ronquillo governing because of Gonzalo’s death.  An Indian, in snuffing the candles on the latter’s catafalque, accidentally sets fire to some rich draperies.  The fire remains unnoticed and smoulders until, the friars in attendance having left the church, it bursts into flame, and the city is entirely burned, and the site of the fort, Santiago, becomes a lake.  Tomas Vimble (Candish), who captures the Santa Ana near California in 1587, sets all its crew ashore, with the exception of a priest whom he hangs.  Alonso Sanchez’s voyage to Spain and Rome as procurator-general is influential in the suppression of the Audiencia and the election of Gomez Perez Dasmarinas as governor.  Sanchez “wrote some treatises about the justification of the kings of Espana, and their right of title to the Filipinas, which merit that time do not bury them, although they exist in the archives of the Council of the Indias.  He seems a prophet in many of his statements in those treatises.” [35]

In Chapter II some of the leading events of the term of Gomez Perez Dasmarinas are noted, and his unfortunate death.  Such is his activity and care “that he alone aggrandized that city more than had all his predecessors, or his successors to this time.”  Negotiations are opened with Japan, and the embassy from Camboja begging for aid against Siam is received at Manila.  “I believe,” says Los Rios, “that if he had done it, it would have been a great stroke of fortune, and your Majesty would justly be lord of that kingdom and of Sian, which is very wealthy.  That is the only thing in which I believe that Gomez Perez erred.”