who were mourning over the incessant and cruel wars with which Europe was ever desolated.  His intention was to reconstruct Europe into fifteen States, as nearly uniform in size and power as possible.  These States were, according to their own choice, to be monarchical or republican, and were to be associated on a plan somewhat resembling that of the United States of North America.  In each State the majority were to decide which religion, whether Protestant or Catholic, should be established.  The Catholics were all to leave the Protestant States, and assemble in their own.  In like manner the Protestants were to abandon the Catholic kingdoms.  This was the very highest point to which the spirit of toleration had then attained.  All Pagans and Mohammedans were to be driven out of Europe into Asia.  A civil tribunal was to be organized to settle all national difficulties, so that there should be no more war.  There was to be a standing army belonging to the confederacy, to preserve the peace, and enforce its decrees, consisting of two hundred and seventy thousand infantry, fifty thousand cavalry, two hundred cannon, and one hundred and twenty ships of war.

This plan was by no means so chimerical as at first glance it might seem to be.  The sagacious Sully examined it in all its details, and gave it his cordial support.  The cooeperation of two or three of the leading powers would have invested the plan with sufficient moral and physical support to render its success even probable.  But the single poniard of the monk Ravaillac arrested it all.

The Emperor Napoleon I. had formed essentially the same plan, with the same humane desire to put an end to interminable wars; but he had adopted far nobler principles of toleration.  “One of my great plans,” said he at St. Helena, “was the rejoining, the concentration of those same geographical nations which have been disunited and parcelled out by revolution and policy.  There are dispersed in Europe upwards of thirty millions of French, fifteen millions of Spaniards, fifteen millions of Italians, and thirty millions of Germans.  It was my intention to incorporate these several people each into one nation.  It would have been a noble thing to have advanced into posterity with such a train, and attended by the blessings of future ages.  I felt myself worthy of this glory.

“After this summary simplification, it would have been possible to indulge the chimera of the beau ideal of civilization.  In this state of things there would have been some chance of establishing in every country a unity of codes, of principles, of opinions, of sentiments, views and interests.  Then perhaps, by the help of the universal diffusion of knowledge, one might have thought of attempting in the great human family the application of the American Congress, or the Amphictyons of Greece.  What a perspective of power, grandeur, happiness and prosperity would thus have appeared.