Protestants with Catholics, to all governmental offices; none but native Hungarians were to be placed in office; the king was to reside in Hungary, and when necessarily absent, was to intrust the government to a regent, chosen jointly by the king and the nobles; Jesuits were not to be admitted into the kingdom; no foreign troops were to be admitted, unless there was war with the Turks, and the king was not to declare war without the consent of the nobles.

Matthias was very reluctant to sign such conditions, for he was very jealous of his newly-acquired power as a sovereign.  But a refusal would have exposed him to a civil war, with such forces arrayed against him as to render the result at least doubtful.  The Austrian States were already in open insurrection.  The emissaries of Rhodolph were busy, fanning the flames of discontent, and making great promises to those who would restore Rhodolph to the throne.  Intolerant and odious as Rhodolph had been, his great reverses excited sympathy, and many were disposed to regard Matthias but as a usurper.  Thus influenced, Matthias not only signed all the conditions, but was also constrained to carry them, into immediate execution.  These conditions being fulfilled, the nobles met on the 19th of November, 1606, and elected Matthias king, and inaugurated him with the customary forms.

Matthias now returned to Vienna, to quell the insurrection in the Austrian States.  The two countries were so entirely independent of each other, though now under the same ruler, that he had no fear that his Hungarian subjects would interfere at all in the internal administration of Austria.  Matthias was resolved to make up for the concessions he had granted the Hungarians, by ruling with more despotic sway in Austria.  The pope proffered him his aid.  The powerful bishops of Passau and Vienna assured him of efficient support, and encouraged the adoption of energetic measures.  Thus strengthened Matthias, who was so pliant and humble in Hungary, assumed the most haughty airs of the sovereign in Austria.  He peremptorily ordered the Protestants to be silent, and to cease their murmurings, or he would visit them with the most exemplary punishment.

North-east of the duchy of Austria, and lying between the kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia, was the province of Moravia.  This territory was about the size of the State of Massachusetts, and its chief noble, or governor, held the title of margrave, or marquis.  Hence the province, which belonged to the Austrian empire, was called the margraviate of Moravia.  It contained a population of a little over a million.  The nobles of Moravia immediately made common cause with those of Austria, for they knew that they must share the same fate.  Matthias was again alarmed, and brought to terms.  On the 16th of March, 1609, he signed a capitulation, which restored to all the Austrian provinces all the toleration which they had enjoyed under Maximilian II.  The nobles then, of all the States of Austria, took the oath of allegiance to Matthias.