Number weight 418/19 23.22
COPPER (Plate VI, 3) introduces an addition in the funnel, that we shall
find elsewhere, e.g., in silver, gold, iron, platinum, zinc, tin, the
triangular arrangement near the mouth of the funnel and adds to the ten
atoms in this nineteen more in three additional enclosed bodies, thus
raising the number of atoms in a funnel from the sixteen of sodium to
forty-five.  The number in the central globe is doubled, and we meet for the
first time the peculiar cigar or prism-shaped six-atomed arrangement, that
is one of the most common of atomic groups.  It ought to imply some definite
quality, with its continual recurrence.  The central column is the three,
four, five, four, three, arrangement already noted.

COPPER:  Upper part {12 funnels of 45 atoms 540
                     {Central globe 20
          Lower part same 560
          Connecting rod 19
                                             ——­
                           Total 1139
                                             ——­
          Atomic weight 63.12
          Number weight 1139/18 63.277
SILVER (Plate VI, 4) follows copper in the constitution of five of the
bodies enclosed in the funnels.  But the triangular group contains
twenty-one atoms as against ten, and three ovoids, each containing three
bodies with eleven atoms, raise the number of atoms in a funnel to
seventy-nine.  The central globe is decreased by five, and the prisms have
disappeared.  The connecting rod is unaltered.

SILVER:  Upper part {12 funnels of 79 atoms 948
                     {Central globe 15
          Lower part same 963
          Connecting rod 19
                                              ——­
                           Total 1945
                                              ——­
          Atomic weight 107.93
          Number weight 1945/18 108.055
(This atomic weight is given by Stas, in Nature, August 29, 1907, but it
has been argued later that the weight should not be above 107.883.)

[Illustration:  PLATE VII.]

GOLD (Plate VII) is so complicated that it demands a whole plate to itself.  It is difficult to recognize the familiar dumb-bell in this elongated egg, but when we come to examine it, the characteristic groupings appear.  The egg is the enormously swollen connecting rod, and the upper and lower parts with their central globes are the almond-like projections above and below, with the central ovoid.  Round each almond is a shadowy funnel (not drawn in the diagram), and within the almond is the collection of bodies shown in e, wherein the two lowest bodies are the same as in every