our own hopes the dawning fortunes of a free Italy and a free Hungary, of Poland liberated, of Greece regenerated.  While nerving ourselves for the final struggle, let the sublime thought that our success will reach in its vast results the limits of the Christian world bring us redoubled strength.  For if we should fall, the thrones of despots are fixed for centuries; if we triumph, in due time they will vanish and crumble to the dust.  Those sovereigns who are wise will appear in the van, leading their people to the blessings of the liberty they have so long yearned for; those who throw themselves in the way will be overwhelmed by the resistless tide.  To such an end we fight, and suffer, and wait; the greater the stake, the more fearful the ordeal; but Providence smiles upon those whose aim is freedom, and through danger guides to consummation.

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REVIEWS AND LITERARY NOTICES.

The Roman and the Teuton:  A Series of Lectures delivered before the University of Cambridge.  By CHARLES KINGSLEY, M.A., Professor of Modern History.  Cambridge and London:  Macmillan & Co.

Mr. Kingsley is a vivid and entertaining mediator between Carlyle and commonplace.  In his younger days and writings he mediated between his master and commonplace radicalism,—­representing the great Scot’s antagonism to existing institutions, his sympathy with man as man, and his hope of a more human society, but representing it with sufficient admixture of vague fancy, Chartist catchword, weak passionateness, and spasmodic audacity, based, as such ever is, on moral cowardice.  Of late he has gone to the other side of his master, and now mediates between him and the Thirty-Nine Articles and the Hanover family,—­representing Carlyle’s passionate craving for supereminent persons, his passionate abhorrence of democracy, his admiration of strong character, his disposition to work from historical bases rather than from absolute principles, but representing them at once with a prudence of common sense and a prudence of self-seeking and timidity which are alike foreign to his master’s spirit.

We prefer the second phase of the man.  It belongs more properly to him.  He is ambitious; and the role which he first assumed is one which ambition can only spoil.  He has but a weak faith in principles, and flinches and flies off to “Prester John,” or somewhere into the clouds, when at last principle and sentiment must either fly off or fairly take the stubborn British taurus by the horns.  And in truth, his early creed was in part merely passionate and foolish, and with courage and disinterestedness to do more he would have professed less.  His present position is better,—­that is, sounder and sincerer.  Better for him, because more limited and British, leaving him room still to toil at good work, and not calling upon him to break with Church and State, which he really has not the heart to do.  As head of the hierarchy of beadles, he is an effective and even admirable man, pious, zealous, and reformatory; but institutions are more necessary to him than principles, and any attempt to plant himself purely on the latter places him in a false position.