of such a revenue will find that his opinions command
the greatest consideration. The organization
of the present Cabinet of England is a fresh and conclusive
illustration of this principle. It is not too
much to say, that at this moment the home and foreign
administration of the government is substantially in
the hands of the House of Lords. Indeed, the
aristocratic element of English society is as powerful
to-day as it has been at any time during the past century.
To fortify this statement by competent authority, we
make an extract from a leader in the London “Times,”
on the occasion of the elevation of Lord John Russell
to the peerage. “But however welcome to
the House of Lords may be the accession of Lord John
Russell, the House of Commons, we apprehend, will
contemplate it with very little satisfaction.
While the House of Lords does but one-twentieth part
of the business of the House of Commons, it boasts
a lion’s share of the present administration.
Three out of our five Secretaries of State, the Lord-Chancellor,
the First Lord of the Admiralty, the Lord-President
of the Council, the Postmaster-General, the Lord Privy
Seal, all hold seats in the Upper House, while the
Home-Secretary, and the Secretary for India, the First
Lord of the Treasury, the Chancellor of the Exchequer,
the President of the Board of Trade, the President
of the Poor-Law Board, the Chancellor of the Duchy
of Lancaster, and the Secretary for Ireland hold seats
in the House of Commons. Lord John Russell goes
to give more to that which had already too much.
At the present moment, the two ministers whose united
departments distribute between twenty and thirty millions
of the national revenue sit in the House which does
not represent the people. In voting the army
and navy estimates, the House of Commons received
this year from the Under-Secretaries that information
which they ought to have from the best and most authentic,
sources. To these is now added the all-important
department of Foreign Affairs; so that, if things
remain as they are, the representatives of the people
must be content to feed on second-hand information....
Most of us can remember a time when it was a favorite
topic with popular agitators to expatiate on the number
of lords which a government contained, as if every
peer of Parliament wielded an influence necessarily
hostile to the liberties of the country. We look
down in the present age with contempt on such vulgar
prejudices; but we seem to be running into the contrary
extreme, when we allow almost all the important offices
of our government to be monopolized by a chamber where
there is small scope for rhetorical ability, and the
short sittings and unbusiness-like habits of which
make it very unsuited for the enforcement of ministerial
responsibility. The statesmen who have charge
of large departments of expenditure, like the army
and navy, and of the highest interests of the nation,
ought to be in the House of Commons, is necessarily
superior to a member of the House of the House of Lords,