56 18. a large fresh-water lake.  The Lake of Tengis here referred to, mentioned by name in the paragraph following this, is evidently Lake Balkash, into which flows the river Ily.  It is one of the largest lakes in the steppes, but its water is really salt.

59 21. globes and turms.  Latinisms.  Milton uses globe in Paradise Lost, II, 512, and turms in Paradise Regained, IV, 66.

60 4. retributary.  What more common form is used synonymously?

60 21.  “La nation des Torgotes,” etc. “’The nation of the Torgouths (to wit the Kalmucks) arrived at Ily wholly shattered, having neither victuals to live on [sic] nor clothes to wear.  I had foreseen this, and had given orders for making every kind of preparation necessary for their prompt relief; which was duly done.  The distribution of lands was made; and there was assigned to each family a portion sufficient to serve for its support, whether by cultivating it or by feeding cattle on it [sic].  There were given to each individual materials for his clothing, corn for his sustenance for the space of one year, utensils for household purposes, and other things necessary; besides some ounces of silver wherewith to provide himself with anything that might have been forgotten.  Particular places were marked out for them, fertile in pasture; and cattle and sheep, etc., were given them, that they might be able for the future to work for their own support and well-being.’—­This is a note of Kien Long subjoined to his main narrative; and De Quincey, I find, took the above transcript of it from the French translation of Bergmann’s book.  That transcript, it is worth observing, is not quite exact to the original French text of the Pekin missionaries.”—­MASSON.

61 12.  “Lorsqu’ils arriverent,” etc. “’When they arrived on our frontiers (to the number of some hundreds of thousands, although nearly as many more had perished by the extreme fatigue, the hunger, the thirst, and all the other hardships inseparable from a very long and very toilsome march), they were reduced to the last misery, they were in want of everything.  The Emperor supplied them with everything.  He caused habitations to be prepared for them suitable for their manner of living; he caused food and clothing to be distributed among them; he had cattle and sheep given them, and implements to put them in a condition for forming herds and cultivating the earth; and all this at his own proper charges, which mounted to immense sums, without counting the money which he gave to each head of a family to provide for the subsistence of his wife and children.’

“This is from a eulogistic abstract of Kien Long’s own narrative by one of his Chinese ministers, named Yu Min Tchoung, a translation of which was sent to Paris by the Jesuit missionary, P. Amiot, together with the translation of the imperial narrative itself.  The transcript is again by the French translator of Bergmann, and is again rather inaccurate.”—­MASSON.