[91] “Bree on Darwinism,” Nature, Aug. 8, 1872.  The letter is as follows:  “Permit me to state—­though the statement is almost superfluous—­that Mr. Wallace, in his review of Dr. Bree’s work, gives with perfect correctness what I intended to express, and what I believe was expressed clearly, with respect to the probable position of man in the early part of his pedigree.  As I have not seen Dr. Bree’s recent work, and as his letter is unintelligible to me, I cannot even conjecture how he has so completely mistaken my meaning; but, perhaps, no one who has read Mr. Wallace’s article, or who has read a work formerly published by Dr. Bree on the same subject as his recent one, will be surprised at any amount of misunderstanding on his part.—­CHARLES DARWIN, Aug. 3.” See “Life and Letters of Charles Darwin,” iii. 167.

[92] That is to say, spontaneous generation.  For the distinction between archebiosis and heterogenesis, see Bastian, Chap.  VI. See also “Life and Letters of Charles Darwin,” iii. 168.

[93] Sir Henry Cole, K.C.B. (1808-80).

[94] “Expression of the Emotions.”

[95] Quarterly Journal of Science, January, 1873, p. 116:  “I can hardly believe that when a cat, lying on a shawl or other soft material, pats or pounds it with its feet, or sometimes sucks a piece of it, it is the persistence of the habit of pressing the mammary glands and sucking during kittenhood.”  Wallace goes on to say that infantine habits are generally completely lost in adult life, and that it seems unlikely that they should persist in a few isolated instances.

[96] Wallace speaks of “a readiness to accept the most marvellous conclusions or interpretations of physiologists on what seem very insufficient grounds,” and he goes on to assert that the frog experiment is either incorrectly recorded, or else that it “demonstrates volition, and not reflex action.”

[97] The raising of the hands in surprise is explained ("Expression of the Emotions,” 1st Edit., p. 287) on the doctrine of antithesis as being the opposite of listlessness.  Mr. Wallace’s view (given in the second edition of “Expression of the Emotions,” p. 300) is that the gesture is appropriate to sudden defence or to the giving of aid to another person.

[98] At this time Darwin, while very busy with other work, had to prepare a second edition of “The Descent of Man,” and it is probable that he or the publishers suggested that Wallace should make the necessary corrections.—­EDITOR.

[99] “Insectivorous Plants.”

[100] “The Geographical Distribution of Animals.” 1876.

[101] Wallace points out that “hardly a small island on the globe but has some land shell peculiar to it,” and he goes so far as to say that probably air-breathing mollusca have been chiefly distributed by air- or water-carriage, rather than by voluntary dispersal on the land. See “More Letters,” II. 14.