Even our liberal yet dispassionate LOCKE restrained the freedom of his inquiries, and corrected the errors which the highest intellect may fall into, by marking out that impassable boundary which must probably for ever limit all human intelligence; for the maxim which LOCKE constantly inculcates is that “Reason must be the last judge and guide in everything.”  A final answer to those who propagate their opinions, whatever they may be, with a sectarian spirit, to force the understandings of other men to their own modes of belief, and their own variable opinions.  This alike includes those who yield up nothing to the genius of their age to correct the imperfections of society, and those who, opposing all human experience, would annihilate what is most admirable in its institutions.

The public mind is the creation of the Master-Writers—­an axiom as demonstrable as any in Euclid, and a principle as sure in its operation as any in mechanics.  BACON’S influence over philosophy, and GROTICS’S over the political state of society, are still felt, and their principles practised far more than in their own age.  These men of genius, in their solitude, and with their views not always comprehended by their contemporaries, became themselves the founders of our science and our legislation.  When LOCKE and MONTESQUIEU appeared, the old systems of government were reviewed, the principle of toleration was developed, and the revolutions of opinion were discovered.

A noble thought of VITRUVIUS, who, of all the authors of antiquity, seems to have been most deeply imbued with the feelings of the literary character, has often struck me by the grandeur and the truth of its conception.  “The sentiments of excellent writers,” he says, “although their persons be for ever absent, exist in future ages; and in councils and debates are of greater authority than those of the persons who are present.”

But politicians affect to disbelieve that abstract principles possess any considerable influence on the conduct of the subject.  They tell us that “in times of tranquillity they are not wanted, and in times of confusion they are never heard;” this is the philosophy of men who do not choose that philosophy should disturb their fireside!  But it is in leisure, when they are not wanted, that the speculative part of mankind create them, and when they are wanted they are already prepared for the active multitude, who come, like a phalanx, pressing each other with a unity of feeling and an integrity of force.  PALEY would not close his eyes on what was passing before him; for, he has observed, that during the convulsions at Geneva, the political theory of ROUSSEAU was prevalent in their contests; while, in the political disputes of our country, the ideas of civil authority displayed in the works of LOCKE recurred in every form.  The character of a great author can never be considered as subordinate in society; nor do politicians secretly think so at the moment they are proclaiming it to the