It was nearly three months after the rains had washed the last dead flower-petals from the mound above little Georgia when the “land-shark” firm of Hamlin and Avery filed papers upon what they considered the “fattest” vacancy of the year.

It should not be supposed that all who were termed “land-sharks” deserved the name.  Many of them were reputable men of good business character.  Some of them could walk into the most august councils of the State and say:  “Gentlemen, we would like to have this, and that, and matters go thus.”  But, next to a three years’ drought and the boll-worm, the Actual Settler hated the Land-shark.  The land-shark haunted the Land Office, where all the land records were kept, and hunted “vacancies”—­that is, tracts of unappropriated public domain, generally invisible upon the official maps, but actually existing “upon the ground.”  The law entitled any one possessing certain State scrip to file by virtue of same upon any land not previously legally appropriated.  Most of the scrip was now in the hands of the land-sharks.  Thus, at the cost of a few hundred dollars, they often secured lands worth as many thousands.  Naturally, the search for “vacancies” was lively.

But often—­very often—­the land they thus secured, though legally “unappropriated,” would be occupied by happy and contented settlers, who had laboured for years to build up their homes, only to discover that their titles were worthless, and to receive peremptory notice to quit.  Thus came about the bitter and not unjustifiable hatred felt by the toiling settlers toward the shrewd and seldom merciful speculators who so often turned them forth destitute and homeless from their fruitless labours.  The history of the state teems with their antagonism.  Mr. Land-shark seldom showed his face on “locations” from which he should have to eject the unfortunate victims of a monstrously tangled land system, but let his emissaries do the work.  There was lead in every cabin, moulded into balls for him; many of his brothers had enriched the grass with their blood.  The fault of it all lay far back.

When the state was young, she felt the need of attracting newcomers, and of rewarding those pioneers already within her borders.  Year after year she issued land scrip—­Headrights, Bounties, Veteran Donations, Confederates; and to railroads, irrigation companies, colonies, and tillers of the soil galore.  All required of the grantee was that he or it should have the scrip properly surveyed upon the public domain by the county or district surveyor, and the land thus appropriated became the property of him or it, or his or its heirs and assigns, forever.