[2] This was the organ of the Pre-Raphaelites, started in 1850.  Only four numbers were issued (January, February, March, April), and in the third and fourth the title was changed to Art and Poetry.  The contents included, among other things, poems by Dante Gabriel and Christina Rossetti.  One of the former’s twelve contributions was “The Blessed Damozel.”  The Oxford and Cambridge Magazine, which ran through the year 1856 and was edited by William Morris and Edward Burne-Jones, was also a Pre-Raphaelite journal and received many contributions from Rossetti.

[3] The foreign strain in the English Pre-Raphaelites and in the painters and poets who descend from them is worth noting.  Rossetti was three-fourths Italian.  Millais’ parents were Channel Islanders—­from Jersey—­and he had two mother tongues, English and French.  Burne-Jones is of Welsh blood, and Alma Tadema of Frisian birth.  Among Neo-Pre-Raphaelite poets, the names of Theophile Marzials and Arthur O’Shaughnessy speak for themselves.

[4] Let the reader consult the large and rapidly increasing literature on the English Pre-Raphaelites.  I do not profess to be a very competent guide here, but I have found the following works all in some degree enlightening.  “Autobiographical Notes of William Bell Scott,” two vols., New York, 1892.  “English Contemporary Art.”  Translated from the French of R. de la Sizeranne, Westminster, 1898.  “D.  G. Rossetti as Designer and Writer.”  W. M. Rossetti, London, 1889.  “The Rossettis.”  E. L. Cary, New York, 1900.  “Dante Rossetti and the Pre-Raphaelite Movement.”  Esther Wood, New York, 1894.  “Pre-Raphaelitism.”  J. Ruskin, New York, 1860.  “The Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood.”  Holman Hunt in Contemporary Review, vol. xlix. (three articles).  “Encyclopaedia Britannica,” article “Rossetti.” by Theodore Watts.  Of course the standard lives and memoirs by William Rossetti, Hall Caine, William Sharp, and Joseph Knight, as well as Rossetti’s “Family Letters,” “Letters to William Allingham,” etc., afford criticisms of the movement from various points of view.  Lists of Rossetti’s paintings and drawings are given by several of these authorities, with photographs or engravings of his most famous masterpieces.

[5] “Lectures on Architecture and Painting.”  Delivered at Edinburgh in 1853.  Lecture iv., “Pre Raphaelitism.”

[6] Cf. Milton:  “Each stair mysteriously was meant” ("P.  L.").

[7] “Dante Gabriel Rossetti:  a record and a study,” London, 1882, pp. 40-41.

[8] “Pre-Raphaelitism,” p. 23, note.

[9] “Autobiographical Notes of William Bell Scott,” vol. i., p. 281.

[10] “English Contemporary Art,” p. 58.

[11] “Lectures on Architecture and Painting,” 1853.

[12] See vol. i., p. 44.