embodiments of the Holy Ghost and the ministries of
the spirit, Rossetti labelled his early manuscript
poems “Poems of the Art Catholic”; and
the Pre-Raphaelite heresy was connected by unfriendly
critics with the Anglo-Catholic or Tractarian movement
at Oxford. William Sharp, in speaking of “that
splendid outburst of Romanticism in which Coleridge
was the first and most potent participant,”
and of the lapse or ebb that followed the death of
Coleridge, Byron, Shelley, and Keats, resumes:
“At last a time came when a thrill of expectation,
of new desire, of hope, passed through the higher
lives of the nation; and what followed thereafter were
the Oxford movement in the Church of England, the
Pre-Raphaelite movement in art, and the far-reaching
Gothic revival. Different as these movements
were in their primary aims, and still more differing
in the individual representations of interpreters,
they were in reality closely interwoven, one being
the outcome of the other. The study of mediaeval
art, which was fraught with such important results,
was the outcome of the widespread ecclesiastical revival,
which in its turn was the outcome of the Tractarian
movement in Oxford. The influence of Pugin was
potent in strengthening the new impulse, and to him
succeeded Ruskin with ’Modern Painters’
and Newman with the ‘Tracts for the Times.’
Primarily the Pre-Raphaelite movement had its impulse
in the Oxford religious revival; and however strange
it may seem to say that such men as Holman Hunt and
Rossetti . . . followed directly in the footsteps of
Newman and Pusey and Keble, it is indubitably so.”
[7] Ruskin, too, cautioned his young friends that
“if their sympathies with the early artists lead
them into mediaevalism or Romanism, they will of course
come to nothing. But I believe there is no danger
of this, at least for the strongest among them.
There may be some weak ones whom the Tractarian heresies
may touch; but if so, they will drop off like decayed
branches from a strong stem.” [8] One of these
weak ones who dropped off was James Collinson, a man
of an ascetic and mystical piety—like Werner
or Brentano. He painted, among other things,
“The Renunciation of St. Elizabeth” from
Kingsley’s “Saint’s Tragedy.”
“The picture,” writes Scott, “resembled
the feckless dilettanteism of the converts who were
then dropping out of their places in Oxford and Cambridge
into Mariolatry and Jesuitism. In fact, this
James Collinson actually did become Romanist, wanted
to be a priest, painted no more, but entered a seminary,
where they set him to clean the boots as an apprenticeship
in humility and obedience. They did not want
him as a priest; they were already getting tired of
that species of convert; so he left, turned to painting
again, and disappeared.” [9]