[Footnote 43:  See LTI, ii. 96, n. 1, and Yellin and Abrahams, Maimonides, p. 160, and reference on p. 330, n. 72; Ha-Zeman (monthly), i. 102-103; Margolioth, Bet Middot, p. 20.  Heine’s admiration for these idealists or those who succeeded them is well worth quoting.  In his essay on Poland, he says:  “In spite of the barbaric fur cap which covers his head and the even more barbaric ideas which fill it, I value the Polish Jew much more than many a German Jew with his Bolivar on his head and his Jean Paul inside of it....  The Polish Jew in his unclean furred coat, with his populous beard and his smell of garlic and his Jewish jargon, is nevertheless dearer to me than many a Westerner in all the glory of his stocks and bonds.”]

[Footnote 44:  Op. cit.  Letter ii.]

[Footnote 45:  Likkute Kadmoniot, Vilna, 1860, Introduction.]

CHAPTER III

THE DAWN OF HASKALAH

1794-1840

(pp. 110-161)

[Footnote 1:  See Orshansky, in Yevreyskaya Biblyotyeka, ii. 240; Drabkin, in Monatsschrift, xix-xx.]

[Footnote 2:  FKN, pp. 27, 303.]

[Footnote 3:  JE, iv. 301; Plungian, op. cit, p. 59.]

[Footnote 4:  FKN, p. 193.]

[Footnote 5:  JE, iv. 407.]

[Footnote 6:  FKN, p. 193; Jellinek, Kuntres ha-Rambam, pp. 39f.]

[Footnote 7:  Occident, v. 360.]

[Footnote 8:  Jost, Culturgeschichte, Berlin, 1847, p. 302.]

[Footnote 9:  Steinschneider, ’Ir Vilna, 1900, p. 146.]

[Footnote 10:  Voskhod, 1881, ii. 29-30; 1900, p. 55.]

[Footnote 11:  FKN, pp. 277-279.]

[Footnote 12:  See Rabinovitz, Ma’amar ’al ha-Defosat ha-Talmud, Munich, 1876, p. 112.  Cf.  Zweifel, op. cit., iv. 7.]

[Footnote 13:  FKN, pp. 277-279.]

[Footnote 14:  Toledot Adam, pp. 14 b, 16 b, 24 b, 75 b, 84 a.]

[Footnote 15:  See Plungian, op cit., pp. 46-47, 91; Voskhod, 1900, ix. 77; Ha-Zeman (monthly), 1903, iii. 22-30; see also Die Zukunft, New York, July, 1913, pp. 713 f.]

[Footnote 16:  Voskhod, Dec., 1890, pp. 142 f.; Ha-Boker Or, Jan., 1881.]

[Footnote 17:  Voskhod, 1888, iii. 37 f; Rodkinson, Toledot ’Ammude HaBaD.]

[Footnote 18:  Cohan, Rabbi Yisrael Ba’al Shem Tob, 1900, p. 67.]

[Footnote 19:  ’Ammude Bet Yehudah, xxvii., and see Ha-Zeman (monthly), ii. 8-15.]

[Footnote 20:  Buchholtz, op. cit., Beilage 14, pp. 137-138.]

[Footnote 21:  See Weissberg, op. cit., p. 53; Talmud Leshon Russiah, Vilna, 1825; Moda’ li-Bene Binah, ibid., 1826; cf.  Baer Heteb, Introduction.]

[Footnote 22:  Helel ben Shahar, Warsaw, 1804, Introduction, and p. 81.  See Peri ha-Arez Yashan, Letter 2, quoted by Dubnow, Pardes, ii. 210-211.]

[Footnote 23:  Keneset Yisrael, i. 138; Morgulis, Voprosi Yevreyskoy Zhizni, pp. 7-10.]

[Footnote 24:  Enziklopedichesky Slovar, St. Petersburg, 1895, xvii. 642.]