[73] I am very sorry for the interpolated “in,” because
          citation ought to be accurate in small things as in
          great.  But what difference it makes whether one
          “believes Jesus” or “believes in Jesus” much thought
          has not enabled me to discover.  If you “believe him”
          you must believe him to be what he professed to
          be—­that is, “believe in him;” and if you “believe in
          him” you must necessarily “believe him.”

     [74] True for Justin:  but there is a school of theological
          critics, who more or less question the historical
          reality of Paul, and the genuineness of even the four
          cardinal epistles.

     [75] See Dial. cum Tryphone, Sec.47 and Sec.35.  It is to be
          understood that Justin does not arrange these
          categories in order, as I have done.

     [76] I guard myself against being supposed to affirm that
          even the four cardinal epistles of Paul may not have
          been seriously tampered with.  See note 1, p. 287 above.

     [77] Paul, in fact, is required to commit in Jerusalem, an act
          of the same character as that which he brands as
          “dissimulation” on the part of Peter in Antioch.

     [78] All this was quite clearly pointed out by Ritschl nearly
          forty years ago.  See Die Entstchung der
          alt-katholischen Kirche (1850), p. 108.

     [79] “If every one was baptized as soon as he acknowledged
          Jesus to be the Messiah, the first Christians can have
          been aware of no other essential differences from the
          Jews.”—­Zeller, Vortraege (1865), p. 26.

     [80] Dr. Harnack, in the lately-published second edition of
          his Dogmengeschichte, says (p. 39), “Jesus Christ
          brought forward no new doctrine;” and again (p. 65),
          “It is not difficult to set against every portion of
          the utterances of Jesus an observation which deprives
          him of originality.”  See also Zusatz 4, on the same
          page.

IX:  AGNOSTICISM AND CHRISTIANITY

[1889]

Nemo ergo ex me scire quaerat, quod me nescire scio, nisi forte ut nescire discat.—­AUGUSTINUS, De Civ.  Dei, xii. 7.

[81] The present discussion has arisen out of the use, which has become general in the last few years, of the terms “Agnostic” and “Agnosticism.”