What is badness?  It is that which thou hast often seen.  And on the occasion of everything which happens keep this in mind, that it is that which thou hast often seen.  Everywhere up and down thou wilt find the same things, with which the old histories are filled, those of the middle ages and those of our own day; with which cities and houses are filled now.  There is nothing new:  all things are both familiar and short-lived.

2.  How can our principles become dead, unless the impressions [thoughts] which correspond to them are extinguished?  But it is in thy power continuously to fan these thoughts into a flame.  I can have that opinion about anything which I ought to have.  If I can, why am I disturbed?  The things which are external to my mind have no relation at all to my mind.—­Let this be the state of thy affects, and thou standest erect.  To recover thy life is in thy power.  Look at things again as thou didst use to look at them; for in this consists the recovery of thy life.

3.  The idle business of show, plays on the stage, flocks of sheep, herds, exercises with spears, a bone cast to little dogs, a bit of bread into fishponds, laborings of ants and burden-carrying, runnings about of frightened little mice, puppets pulled by strings—­[all alike].  It is thy duty then in the midst of such things to show good humor and not a proud air; to understand however that every man is worth just so much as the things are worth about which he busies himself.

4.  In discourse thou must attend to what is said, and in every movement thou must observe what is doing.  And in the one thou shouldst see immediately to what end it refers, but in the other watch carefully what is the thing signified.

5.  Is my understanding sufficient for this or not?  If it is sufficient, I use it for the work as an instrument given by the universal nature.  But if it is not sufficient, then either I retire from the work and give way to him who is able to do it better, unless there be some reason why I ought not to do so; or I do it as well as I can, taking to help me the man who with the aid of my ruling principle can do what is now fit and useful for the general good.  For what-soever either by myself or with another I can do, ought to be directed to this only, to that which is useful and well suited to society.

6.  How many after being celebrated by fame have been given up to oblivion; and how many who have celebrated the fame of others have long been dead.

7.  Be not ashamed to be helped; for it is thy business to do thy duty like a soldier in the assault on a town.  How then, if being lame thou canst not mount up on the battlements alone, but with the help of another it is possible?

8.  Let not future things disturb thee, for thou wilt come to them, if it shall be necessary, having with thee the same reason which now thou usest for present things.