By reducing the observed latitude at noon to the peaked hill, its latitude will be 3 deg. 53’ S.; and its longitude, by the watch, carried on from St Helena, is 32 deg. 34’ W.; and by observations of the sun and moon, made before and after we made the Isle, and reduced to it by the watch, 32 deg. 44’ 30” W. This was the mean result of my observations.  The results of those made by Mr Wales, which were more numerous, gave 32 deg. 23’.  The mean of the two will be pretty near the watch, and probably nearest the truth.  By knowing the longitude of this isle, we are able to determine that of the adjacent east coast of Brazil; which, according to the modern charts, lies about sixty or seventy leagues more to the west.  We might very safely have trusted to these charts, especially the variation chart for 1744, and Mr Dalrymple’s of the southern Atlantic ocean*.

[* Ulloa says, that the chart places this island sixty leagues from the coast of Brazil; and that the Portuguese pilots, who often make the voyage, judge it to be eighty leagues; but, by taking the mean between the two opinions, the distance may be fixed at seventy leagues.]

On the 11th, at three o’clock in the afternoon, we crossed the equator in the longitude of 32 deg. 14’ W. We had fresh gales at E.S.E., blowing in squalls, attended by showers of rain, that continued at certain intervals, till noon the next day, after which we had twenty-four hours fair weather.

At noon on the 13th, being in the latitude of 3 deg. 49’ N., longitude 31 deg. 47’ W., the wind became variable, between the N.E. and S.; and we had light airs and squalls by turns, attended by hard showers of rain, and for the most part dark gloomy weather, which continued till the evening of the 15th, when, in the latitude of 5 deg. 47’ N., longitude 31 deg.  W., we had three calm days, in which time we did not advance above ten or twelve leagues to the north.  We had fair weather and rain by turns; the sky, for the most part, being obscured, and sometimes by heavy dense clouds which broke in excessive hard showers.

At seven o’clock in the evening on the 18th, the calm was succeeded by a breeze at east, which the next day increasing and veering to and fixing at N.E., we stretched to N.W. with our tacks on board.  We made no doubt that we had now got the N.E. trade-wind, as it was attended with fair weather, except now and then some light showers of rain; and as we advanced to the north the wind increased, and blew a fresh top-gallant gale.

On the 21st, I ordered the still to be fitted to the largest copper, which held about sixty-four gallons.  The fire was lighted at four o’clock in the morning, and at six the still began to run.  It was continued till six o’clock in the evening; in which time we obtained thirty-two gallons of fresh water, at the expence of one bushel and a half of coals; which was about three-fourths of a bushel more than was necessary to have boiled the ship’s