It will be most interesting hereafter to mark the gradual changes already beginning to take place in this rich, but limited district.  It is destined throughout, we may be sure, to very thorough and systematic exploration.  For, although it is true that gold is not to be found in all parts of it, still it is not unreasonable to search for the precious metal throughout this whole region, wherever the occurrence of true quartz-veins—­the almost sole matrix of the gold—­is shown by boulders on the surface.  Back from the coast-line, a large part of the district named is now little better than an unexplored wilderness; and the fact that the remarkable discoveries which have been made are in a majority of cases almost on the sea-shore, and where the country is open and the search easy, by no means diminishes the probabilities that continued exploration in the less frequented parts of the district will be rewarded with new discoveries as important as any which have yet been made.

The earliest discovery of gold in the Province, yet made known to the public, occurred during the summer of 1860, at a spot about twelve miles north from the head of Tangier Harbor, on the northeast branch of the Tangier River,—­shown on McKinley’s excellent map of Nova Scotia as about fifty-eight miles east from Halifax.  Subsequent discoveries at Wine Harbor, Sherbrooke, Ovens, Oldham, Waverley, Hammond’s Plains, and at Lake Loon,—­a small lake only five miles distant from Halifax,—­have fully determined the auriferous character of particular and defined localities throughout the district already described, and abundantly justify the early opinion of Lord Mulgrave, that “there is now little or no doubt that this Colony will soon rank as one of the gold-producing countries of the world.”

As a specimen of one of the most interesting mineral veins of this region, it may answer to select the Montague lode at Lake Loon for a specific description.  The course of this vein is E. 10 deg.  N., that being the strike of the rocks by the compass in that particular district.  It has been traced by surface-digging a long distance,—­not less, probably, than half a mile.  At one point on this line there is a shift or fault in the rocks which has heaved the most productive portion of the vein about thirty-five feet to the north; but for the rest of the distance, so far as yet open, the whole lead remains true and undisturbed.

Its dip, with the rocks around it, is almost vertical,—­say from 85 deg. to 80 deg. south.  The vein is contained between walls of slate on both sides, and is a double or composite vein, being formed, 1st, of the main leader; 2d, of a smaller vein on the other side, with a thin slate partition-wall between the two; and, 3d, of a strongly mineralized slate foot-wall, which is in itself really a most valuable portion of the ore-channel.