After Jarl Sigurd’s death, his son Guthorm ruled for one winter, and died without issue, so that Sigurd’s line came to an end.  When Jarl Ragnvald of Maeri heard of his nephew’s death, he sent his son Hallad over from Norway to Hrossey, as the mainland of Orkney was then called, and King Harald gave him the title of jarl.  Failing in his efforts to put down the piracy of the Vikings, who continued their slayings and plunderings, Hallad, the last of the purely Norse jarls, resigned his jarldom, and returned ignominiously to Norway.  In the absence at war of Hrolf the Ganger, who became Duke of Normandy and was an ancestor of the kings of England, two others of Ragnvald’s sons, Thorir and Hrollaug, were summoned to meet their father.  At this meeting it was decided that neither of these should go to Orkney, Thorir’s prospects in Norway being good, and Hrollaug’s future lying in Iceland, where, it was said, he was to found a great family.  Then Einar, the Jarl’s youngest son by a thrall or slave woman, and thus not of pure Norse lineage, asked whether he might go, offering as an inducement to his father that, if he went, he would thus never be seen by him again.  He was told that the sooner he went, and the longer he stayed away, the better his father would be pleased.  A galley, well equipped, was given to him, and about the year 891 King Harald Harfagr conferred on him the title of Jarl of Orkney and Shetland, for which he sailed.  On his arrival there, he attacked Kalf Skurfa and Thorir Treskegg,[15] the pirate Viking leaders, and defeated and slew them both.  He then took possession of the lands of the jarldom; and, from having taught the people of Turfness in Moray the use of turf or peat for fuel, was known thenceforward as Torf-Einar.  He is said to have been “a tall man, ugly, with one eye, but very keen-sighted,"[16] a faculty which he was soon to use.

When Jarl Ragnvald of Maeri, the first of the Orkney jarls, was killed in Norway by two of Harald Harfagr’s sons, one of them, Halfdan Halegg or Long-shanks fled from their father’s vengeance to Orkney.  When Halfdan landed, Torf-Einar took refuge in Scotland, but returned in force, and after defeating Halfdan—­who had usurped the jarldom—­in North Ronaldsay Firth, spied him as a fugitive, in hiding, far off on Rinarsey or Rinansey (Ninian’s Island) now North Ronaldsay, and seized him, cut a blood-eagle on his back, severed his ribs and pulled out his lungs, and, after offering him as a victim to Odin, buried his body there.[17]

Incensed at the shameful slaughter of his son, Harald Harfagr came over from Norway about the year 900 to avenge him, but, as was then not unusual, accepted as a wergeld or atonement for his son’s death a fine of sixty marks of gold, which it fell to the islanders to pay.  On their failure to find the money, Torf-Einar paid it himself, taking in return from the people their odal lands,[18] which were lost to their families until Jarl Sigurd Hlodverson temporarily