how he ought to have taken it? Judging from some
observations in Horace Walpole’s “Correspondence,”
the English, though surfeited with victory, were much
pleased with their Cuban conquest. Sir Joseph
Yorke, writing on the 9th of October, ten days after
the news had reached England, says,—“All
the world is struck with the noble capture of the
Havana, which fell into our hands on the Prince of
Wales’s birthday, as a just punishment upon the
Spaniards for their unjust quarrel with us, and for
the supposed difficulties they have raised in the
negotiations for peace.” Those negotiations
had been openly commenced in less than a month after
the fall of the Havana, and some weeks before news
of that brilliant event had reached Europe. The
terms of the treaty of peace were speedily settled,
one of the stipulations being, that Spain should preserve
her old limits; and, “moreover,” says
Earl Stanhope, “it was agreed that any conquests
that might meanwhile have been made by any of the
parties in any quarter of the globe, but which were
not yet known, (words comprising at that period of
the negotiation both the Havana and the Philippines,)
should be restored without compensation.”
Had the preliminary articles been signed at once,
the Spaniards would have recovered all they had lost
in Cuba, without further trouble or cost; but their
negotiator, the celebrated Grimaldi, was so confident
that the invaders of Cuba would be beaten, that he
played the waiting game, and was beaten himself.
When intelligence of English success arrived at Paris,
where the treaty was making, Grimaldi was suddenly
found as ready to sign as formerly he had been backward;
but now the English negotiator, the Duke of Bedford,
became backward in his turn, as representing the unwillingness
of his Government to give up the Havana without an
equivalent. Lord Bute would have given up the
conquest without a word said, but all his colleagues
were not so blind to the advantages which that conquest
had placed at the command of England; and finally
it was agreed that the Duke of Bedford should demand
the cession of Florida or Porto Rico as the price
of the restoration of that portion of Cuba which was
in English hands. The Spaniards gladly complied
with the British demand, and gave Florida in exchange
for Cuba. At one time it was supposed that the
victory of Albemarle and Pocock would lead to the
continuance of the war. Horace Walpole wrote
to his friend Conway that the Havana was more likely
to break off the peace than to advance it, and that
the English were not in a humor to give up the world,
but were much more disposed to conquer the rest of
it. He added, “We shall have some cannonading
here, I believe, if we sign the peace.”
But the King and the Premier were peace-at-any-price
men, and the way to their purpose was smoothed completely;
yet Lord Bute wrote to the Duke of Bedford, on the
24th of October, “Such is the change made here
by the conquest of the Havana, that I solemnly declare,