but the overt act is secondary and not primary—­a symptom of a deeper-lying disease.  And herein our Prophet is true to the whole tenor of the Old Testament teaching, which draws its indictment against men primarily in regard to their attitude, and only as a manifestation of that, to their acts.  The same deed may be, if estimated in relation to human law, a crime:  if estimated in relation to godless ethics, a wrong; and if estimated in the only right way, namely, the attitude towards God which it reveals, a sin.  ‘The despising of His Name’ may be taken as the very definition of sin.  It is usual with men to-day to say that ‘Sin is selfishness’; but that statement does not go deep enough unless it be recognised that self-regard only becomes sin when it rears its puny self in opposition to, or in disregard of, the plain will of God.  The ‘New Theology,’ of course, minimises, even where it does not, as it to be consistent should, deny the possibility of sin:  for, if God is all and all is God, there can be no opposition, there can be no divine will to be opposed, and no human will to oppose it.  But the fact of sin certified by men’s own consciences is the rock on which Pantheism must always strike and sink.  A superficial view of human history and of human nature may try to explain away the fact of sin by shallow talk about ‘heredity’ and ‘environment,’ or about ‘ignorance’ and ‘mistakes’; but after all such euphemistic attempts to rechristen the ugly thing by beguiling names, the fact remains, and conscience bears sometimes unwilling witness to its existence, that men do set their own inclinations against God’s commands, and that there is in them that which is ’not subject to the law of God, neither indeed can be.’  The root of all sin is the despising of His Name.

And as sin has but one root, it has many branches, and as working backwards from deed to motive, we find one common element in all the various acts; so working outwards from motive to deed, we have to see one common character stamped upon a tragical variety of acts.  The poison-water is exhibited in many variously coloured and tasted draughts, but however unlike each other they may be, it is always the same.

The great effort of God’s love is to press home this consciousness of despising His Name upon all hearts.  The sorrows, losses, and disappointments which come to us all are not meant only to make us suffer, but through suffering to lead us to recognise how far we have wandered from our Father, and to bring us back to His heart and our home.  The beginning of all good in us is the contrite acknowledgment of our evil.  Christ’s first preaching was the continuation of John’s message, ‘Repent ye, for the kingdom of heaven is at hand’; and His tenderest revelation of the divine love incarnated in Himself was meant to arouse the penitent confession, ’I am no more worthy to be called Thy son,’ and the quickening resolve, ‘I will arise and go to my Father.’  There is no way to God