In proportion as his mind expanded under the more favourable circumstances in which he was placed, he became anxious, not merely for the redemption of his race from personal slavery, but for the moral elevation of those among them who were free.  Finding that habits of intoxication were too prevalent amongst his coloured brethren, he, in conjunction with others, commenced a temperance reformation in their body.  Such was the success of their efforts that in three years, in the city of Buffalo alone, a society of upwards of 500 members was raised out of a coloured population of 700.  Of that society Mr. Brown was thrice elected President.

The intellectual powers of our author, coupled with his intimate acquaintance with the workings of the slave system, recommended him to the Abolitionists as a man eminently qualified to arouse the attention of the people of the Northern States to the great national sin of America.  In 1843 he was engaged as a lecturer by the Western New-York Anti-Slavery Society.  From 1844 to 1847 he laboured in the anti-slavery cause in connection with the American Anti-Slavery Society, and from that period up to the time of his departure for Europe, in 1849, he was an agent of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society.  The records of those societies furnish abundant evidence of the success of his labours.  From the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society he early received the following testimony:—­

“Since Mr. Brown became an agent of the Massachusetts Anti-Slavery Society, he has lectured in very many of the towns of this Commonwealth, and won for himself general respect and approbation.  He combines true self-respect with true humility, and rare judiciousness with great moral courage.  Himself a fugitive slave, he can experimentally describe the situation of those in bonds as bound with them; and he powerfully illustrates the diabolism of that system which keeps in chains and darkness a host of minds, which, if free and enlightened, would shine among men like stars in a firmament.”

Another member of that Society speaks thus of him:—­“I need not attempt any description of the ability and efficiency which characterized his speaking throughout the meetings.  To you who know him so well, it is enough to say that his lectures were worthy of himself.  He has left an impression on the minds of the people, that few could have done.  Cold, indeed, must be the heart that could resist the appeals of so noble a specimen of humanity, in behalf of a crushed and despised race.”

Notwithstanding the celebrity Mr. Brown had acquired in the north, as a man of genius and talent, and the general respect his high character had gained him, the slave spirit of America denied him the rights of a citizen.  By the constitution of the United States, he was every moment liable to be seized and sent back to slavery.  He was in daily peril of a gradual legalized murder, under a system one of whose established economical principles is, that it