population is (318) 66.72 inches; the average height of the London criminal (300) 54.70 inches; the average height of Liverpool criminals, according to Danson, is (1117) 66.39 inches.  Danson’s figures point to the fact that there is hardly any difference in height between the criminal classes of Liverpool and the artizan population of London It has, however, to be borne in mind that the population of the North of England, being largely of Scandinavian descent, is taller than the population of the South of England.  The height of Liverpool criminals should be compared with the average height of the Scotch, to whom they are more nearly allied by race.  If this is done, it will be seen that they fall considerably short of the normal stature.

The difference between the height of the criminal population and that of the most favoured classes is more remarkable still.  According to Dr. Roberts’ tables, the average height of the latter is 69.06 inches; the London criminal is only 64.70 inches.  There is thus a difference of from four to five inches between the most highly favoured classes and the London criminal class.  The difference between the criminal class and the merely well-to-do is not quite so great.  Selecting Mr. Galton’s Health Exhibition measurements as a test of the stature of the well-to-do classes, the results come out as follows:—­Health Exhibition measurements, 67.9 inches; London criminals, 64.70 inches.  The criminal is thus between two and three inches inferior in height to the well-to-do portion of the community.  In fact, the height of the London criminal is very nearly the same as that of the East-End Jew.  According to Mr. Jacobs, in a paper communicated to the Journal of the Anthropological Institute, the average stature of the East-End Jew is 64.3 inches; his co-religionist in the West-End is 67.5 inches.  We may accordingly take it as the outcome of these measurements that the criminal population of Great Britain is inferior in point of stature to the ordinary population.

From stature we shall pass to weight.  Lombroso and Marro say that the weight of Italian criminals is superior to the weight of the average Italian citizen.  On the other hand, the weight of London criminals is almost the same as that of London artizans, but inferior to the weight of the artizan population in the large English towns taken as a whole.  Average weight of London criminals (300) 136 pounds; average weight of London artizan (318) 137 pounds; average weight of artizans in large towns generally, 138 pounds.  The London criminal is considerably inferior in weight to the well-to-do classes, as will be seen from Mr. Galton’s Health Exhibition statistics.  Average weight, Health Exhibition, 143 pounds; average weight, most favoured class (Roberts), 152 pounds.  These figures show that the criminal class in London is seven pounds lighter than the well-to-do, and sixteen pounds lighter than the most favoured section of the population.