Italy | 98.35 3.9 | 79.40 3.0 U.S.A. | 178.30 7.1 | 427.80 15.9 Russia | 220.00 8.7 | 356.15 13.2 Roumania | 35.00 1.4 | 19.95 0.7 Austria-Hungary | 276.20 10.9 | 206.80 7.7 Turkey | 24.60 1.0 | 18.40 0.7 Bulgaria | 7.55 0.3 | 2.00 ...  Other countries | 890.20 35.3 | 858.70 32.0 | ------ ---- | ------ ---- | 2,522.35 100.0 | 2,692.60 100.0 ----------------------+--------------------+----------------
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The above analysis affords some indication of the possible magnitude of the maximum modification of Germany’s export balance under the conditions which will prevail after the Peace.  On the assumptions (1) that we do not specially favor Germany over ourselves in supplies of such raw materials as cotton and wool (the world’s supply of which is limited), (2) that France, having secured the iron-ore deposits, makes a serious attempt to secure the blast-furnaces and the steel trade also, (3) that Germany is not encouraged and assisted to undercut the iron and other trades of the Allies in overseas market, and (4) that a substantial preference is not given to German goods in the British Empire, it is evident by examination of the specific items that not much is practicable.

Let us run over the chief items again:  (1) Iron goods.  In view of Germany’s loss of resources, an increased net export seems impossible and a large decrease probable. (2) Machinery.  Some increase is possible. (3) Coal and coke.  The value of Germany’s net export before the war was $110,000,000; the Allies have agreed that for the time being 20,000,000 tons is the maximum possible export with a problematic (and in fact) impossible increase to 40,000,000 tons at some future time; even on the basis of 20,000,000 tons we have virtually no increase of value, measured in pre-war prices;[129] whilst, if this amount is exacted, there must be a decrease of far greater value in the export of manufactured articles requiring coal for their production. (4) Woolen goods.  An increase is impossible without the raw wool, and, having regard to the other claims on supplies of raw wool, a decrease is likely. (5) Cotton goods.  The same considerations apply as to wool. (6) Cereals.  There never was and never can be a net export. (7) Leather goods.  The same considerations apply as to wool.

We have now covered nearly half of Germany’s pre-war exports, and there is no other commodity which formerly represented as much as 3 per cent of her exports.  In what commodity is she to pay?  Dyes?—­their total value in 1913 was $50,000,000.  Toys?  Potash?—­1913 exports were worth $15,000,000.  And even if the commodities could be specified, in what markets are they to be sold?—­remembering that we have in mind goods to the value not of tens of millions annually, but of hundreds of millions.