make a Pope to his mind, he could have withheld any one from being Pope; and should never have consented that any one of those Cardinals should have got the Papacy, whom he had ever done harme to; or who having attaind the Pontificate were likely to be afraid of him:  because men ordinarily do hurt either for fear, or hatred.  Those whom he had offended, were among others, he who had the title of St. Peter ad Vincula, Colonna, St. George, and Ascanius; all the others that were in possibility of the Popedome, were such as might have feard him rather, except the Cardinal of Roan, and the Spaniards; these by reason of their allyance and obligation with him, the other because of the power they had, having the Kingdome of France on their party; wherefore the Duke above all things should have created a Spanyard Pope, and in case he could not have done that, he should have agreed that Roan should have been, and not St. Peter ad Vincula.  And whoever beleeves, that with great personages new benefits blot on the remembrance of old injuries, is much deceiv’d.  The Duke therefore in this election, was the cause of his own ruine at last.

Till wee come to this seaventh Chapter, I find not any thing much blame-worthy, unlesse it be on ground he layes in the second Chapter; whereupon hee builds most of this Fabrick, viz.  That Subjects must either be dallyed or flatterd withall, or quite crusht.  Whereby our Author advises his Prince to support his authority with two Cardinall Vertues, Dissimulation, and Cruelty.  He considers not herein that the head is but a member of the body, though the principall; and the end of the parts is the good of the whole.  And here he goes against himselfe in the twenty sixt Chapter of his Rep. 1. 1. where hee blames Philip of Macedon for such courses, terming them very cruell, and against all Christian manner of living; and that every man should refuse to be a King, and desire rather to live a private life, than to reigne so much to the ruine of mankind.  The life of Caesar Borgia, which is here given as a paterne to new Princes, we shall find to have been nothing else but a cunning carriage of things so, that he might thereby first deceive and inveigle, and then suppresse all those that could oppose or hinder his ambition.  For if you runne over his life, you shall see the Father Pope Alexander the sixt and him, both imbarqued for his advancement, wherein they engag’d the Papall authority, and reputation of Religion; for faith and conscience these men never knew, though they exacted it of others:  there was never promise made, but it was only so farre kept as servd for advantage; Liberality was made use of:  Clemency and Cruelty, all alike, as they might serve to worke with their purposes.  All was sacrific’d to ambition; no friendship could tye these men, nor any religion:  and no marvell:  for ambition made them forget both God and man.  But see the end of all this cunning:  though this Caesar Borgia contrived all his businesse so warily, that