whom was Anibal) have for no other intente, let their Campe to be taken, but to have occasion to get betwene theim and home, and to take their Toune.  Also, thei are beguiled with fainyng to departe from them, as Formion of Athens did, who havyng spoiled the countrie of the Calcidensians, received after their ambassadours, fillyng their Citee with faire promises, and hope of safetie, under the which as simple menne, thei were a little after of Formione oppressed.  The besieged ought to beware of the men, whiche thei have in suspecte emong them:  but some times thei are wont, as well to assure them selves with deserte, as with punishemente.  Marcellus knoweyng how Lucius Bancius a Nolane, was tourned to favour Aniball so moche humanitie and liberalitie, he used towardes him, that of an enemie, he made him moste frendely.  The besieged ought to use more diligence in the warde, when the enemie is gone from theim, then when he is at hande.  And thei ought to warde those places, whiche thei thinke, that maie bee hurt least:  for that many tounes have been loste, when thenemie assaulteth it on thesame part, where thei beleve not possible to be assaulted.  And this deceipt groweth of twoo causes, either for the place being strong, and to beleve, that it is invinsible, or through craft beyng used of the enemie, in assaltyng theim on one side with fained alaroms, and on the other without noise, and with verie assaltes in deede:  and therefore the besieged, ought to have greate advertisment, and above all thynges at all times, and in especially in the night to make good watche to bee kepte on the walles, and not onely to appoincte menne, but Dogges, and soche fiearse Mastives, and lively, the whiche by their sente maie descrie the enemie, and with barkyng discover him:  and not Dogges onely, but Geese have ben seen to have saved a citee, as it happened to Roome, when the Frenchemen besieged the Capitoll.

[Sidenote:  An order of Alcibiades for the dew keping of watch and warde.]

Alcibiades for to see, whether the warde watched, Athense beeyng besieged of the Spartaines, ordained that when in the night, he should lifte up a light, all the ward should lift up likewise, constitutyng punishmente to hym that observed it not.

[Sidenote:  The secrete conveighyng of Letters; The defence against a breach; How the antiquitie got tounes by muining under grounde.]

Isicrates of Athens killed a watchman, which slept, saiyng that he lefte him as he found him.  Those that have been besieged, have used divers meanes, to sende advise to their frendes:  and mindyng not to send their message by mouth, thei have written letters in Cifers, and hidden them in sundrie wise:  the Cifers be according, as pleaseth him that ordaineth them, the maner of hidyng them is divers.  Some have written within the scaberde of a sweard:  Other have put the Letters in an unbaked lofe, and after have baked the same, and given it for meate to hym that caried theim.  Certaine have hidden them,