send to the American newspapers.  Previously, the Foreign Office had been extremely frank and cordial and permitted correspondents to send what they observed and heard, as long as the despatches did not contain information which would aid the Allies in their military or economic attacks on Germany.  As the hate articles appeared in the newspapers the correspondents were not only prohibited from sending them, but they were criticised by the Foreign Office for writing anything which might cause the American people to be angered at Germany.  One day I made a translation of a bitter article in the B.  Z. am Mittag and submitted it to the Foreign Office censor.  He asked why I paid so much attention to articles in this newspaper which he termed a “Kaese-blatt”—­literally “a cheese paper.”  He said it had no influence in Germany; that no one cared what it said.  This newspaper, however, was the only noon-day edition in Berlin and was published by the largest newspaper publishing house in Germany, Ullstein & Co.  At his request I withdrew the telegram and forgot the incident.  Within a few days, however, Count zu Reventlow, in the Deutsche Tageszeitung, and Georg Bernhard, in the Vossische Zeitung, wrote sharp attacks on President Wilson.  But I could not telegraph these.

Previous to the fall of 1915 not only the German Government but the German people were charitable to the opinions of neutrals, especially those who happened to be in Germany for business or professional reasons, but, as the anti-American campaign and the cry that America was not neutral by permitting supplies to be shipped to the Allies became more extensive, the public became less charitable.  Previously a neutral in Germany could be either pro-German, pro-Ally or neutral.  Now, however, it was impossible to be neutral, especially if one were an American, because the very statement that one was an American carried with it the implication that one was anti-German.  The American colony itself became divided.  There was the pro-American group and the pro-German government group.  The former was centred at the American Embassy.  The latter was inspired by the German-Americans who had lived in Germany most of their lives and by other sympathetic Americans who came from the United States.  Meanwhile there were printed in German newspapers many leading articles and interviews from the American press attacking President Wilson, and any one sympathising with the President, even Ambassador Gerard, became automatically “Deutschfeidlich.”

As the submarine warfare became more and more a critical issue German feeling towards the United States changed.  I found that men who were openly professing their friendship for the United States were secretly doing everything within their power to intimidate America.  The Government began to feel as if the American factories which were supplying the Allies were as much subject to attack as similar factories in Allied countries.