FOOTNOTES: 

[88] Stanley’s Through the Dark Continent, vol. ii. pp. 320, 321; see, also, pp. 3, 78, 123, 245, 414.

[89] Western Africa, p. 455.

[90] Western Africa, p. 456.

[91] Western Africa, p. 470.

[92] Equatorial Africa, p. 531.

[93] Savage Africa, p. 212.

[94] Through the Dark Continent, vol. ii. pp, 470, 471.

[95] Through the Dark Continent, vol. ii. pp. 482, 483.

[96] History of English Literature, vol i. pp. 48. 49.

[97] Equatorial Africa, pp. 448, 449.

[98] On the intellectual faculties of the Negro, see Prichard, third ed., 1837, vol. ii. p. 346, sect. iii.  Peschel’s Races of Men, p. 462, sq., especially Blumenbach’s Life and Works, p. 305, sq Western Africa, p. 379,—­all of chap. xi.

[99] See Prichard, fourth ed., 1841, vol. 1. p. 197, sect. v.  Moffat’s Southern Africa; Uncivilized Races of Men, vol 1. pp. 183-219.

[100] Savage Africa, p. 287, sq.

CHAPTER IX.

SIERRA LEONE.

     ITS DISCOVERY AND SITUATION.—­NATURAL BEAUTY.—­FOUNDING OF A
     NEGRO COLONY.—­THE SIERRA LEONE COMPANY.—­FEVER AND
     INSUBORDINATION.—­IT BECOMES AN ENGLISH PROVINCE—­CHARACTER
     OF ITS INHABITANTS.—­CHRISTIAN MISSIONS, ETC.

Sierra Leone was discovered and named by Piedro de Cintra.  It is a peninsula, about thirty miles in length by about twenty-five in breadth, and is situated 8 deg. and 30’ north latitude, and is about 13-1/2 deg. west longitude.  Its topography is rather queer.  On the south and west its mountains bathe their feet in the Atlantic Ocean, and on the east and north its boundaries are washed by the river and bay of Sierra Leone.  A range of mountains, co-extensive with the peninsula,—­forming its backbone,—­rises between the bay of Sierra Leone and the Atlantic Ocean, from two to three thousand feet in altitude.  Its outlines are as severe as Egyptian architecture, and the landscape view from east or west is charming beyond the power of description.  Freetown is the capital, with about twenty thousand inhabitants, situated on the south side of Sierra Leone River, and hugged in by an amphitheatre of beautiful hills and majestic mountains.

“On the side of the hill [says Mr. Reed] which rises behind the town is a charming scene, which I will attempt to describe.  You have seen a rural hamlet, where each cottage is half concealed by its own garden.  Now convert your linden into graceful palm, your apples into oranges, your gooseberry-bushes into bananas, your thrush which sings in its wicker cage into a gray parrot whistling on a rail; ... sprinkle this with strange and powerful perfumes; place in the west a sun flaming among golden clouds in a prussian-blue sea, dotted with white sails; imagine those mysterious and unknown sounds,