| Jamestown | 33 | 28 | 9 | 32 | 206 | | Greenwich | 40 | 65 | 3 | 6 | 240 | +-------------+-------+--------+---------+---------+--------
---+ | Total | 1,015 | 1,362 | 56 | 426 | 7,181 | +-------------+-------+--------+---------+---------+--------
---+

“It is to be understood that all men within this colony, from the age of sixteen to the age of sixty years, are of the militia, so that all freemen above and under said ages are inclusive in the abovesaid number of the militia.

“As to the increase or decrease of the inhabitants within five years last past, we are not capable to give an exact account, by reason there was no list ever taken before this (the militia excepted), which hath increased since the 14th of February, 1704-5 (at which time a list was returned to your Lordships), the number of 287.

“SAMUEL CRANSTON, Governor.

     “NEWPORT, ON RHODE ISLAND, December the 5th, 1708."[459]

The Board of Trade replied to Gov.  Cranston, under date of “Whitehall, January 16th, 1709-10.,” saying they should be glad to hear from him “in regard to Negroes,” etc.[460]

The letter of inquiry from the Board of Trade imparted to slave-dealers an air of importance and respectability.  The institution was not near so bad as it had been thought to be; the royal family were interested in its growth; it was a gainful enterprise; and, more than all, as a matter touching the conscience, the Bible and universal practice had sanctified the institution.  To attempt to repeal the Act of 1652 would have been an occasion unwisely furnished for anti-slavery men to use to a good purpose.  The bill was a dead letter, and its enemies concluded to let it remain on the statute-book of the colony.

The experiment of levying an impost-tax upon Negro slaves imported into the colony had proved an enriching success.  After 1709 the slave-trade became rather brisk.  As the population increased, public improvements became necessary,—­there were new public buildings in demand, roads to be repaired, bridges to be built, and the poor and afflicted to be provided for.  To do all this, taxes had to be levied upon the freeholders.  A happy thought struck the leaders of the government.  If men would import slaves, and the freemen of the colony would buy them, they should pay a tax as a penalty for their sin.[461] And the people easily accommodated their views to the state of the public treasury.

Attention has been called already to the impost Act of 1708.  On the 27th of February, 1712, the General Assembly passed “An Act for preventing clandestine importations and exportations of passengers, or negroes, or Indian slaves into or out of this colony,” etc.  The Act is quite lengthy.  It required masters of vessels to report to the governor the names and number of all passengers landed into the colony, and not to carry away any person without a pass or permission from the governor, upon pain of a fine of fifty pounds current money of New England.  Persons desiring to leave the colony had to give public notice for ten days in the most public place in the colony; and it specifies the duties of naval officers, and closes with the following in reference to Negro slaves, calling attention to the impost Act of 1708.—­