[9] Rom. v. 12, 14-21.

[10] Luke xxiii, 26:  Acts vi. 9, also second chapter, tenth verse.  Matthew records the same fact in the twenty-seventh chapter, thirty-second verse.  “And at they came out, they found a man of Cyrene, Simon by name:  him they compelled to bear his cross.”

[11] See Melville’s Sermons.

[12] Acts viii. 27.

[13] Pliny says the Ethiopian government subsisted for several generations in the hands of queens whose name was Candace.

[14] See Liddell and Scott’s Greek Lexicon.

[15] Jones’s Biblical Cyclopaedia, p. 311.

[16] The term Ethiope was anciently given to all those whose color was darkened by the sun.—­Smyth’s Unity of the Human Races, chap. i. p. 34.

[17] Gen. ix. 24, 25.  See also the twenty-sixth and twenty-seventh verses.

[18] Bible Views of Slavery, p. 7.

[19] Gen. ix. 23.

[20] Plutarch, De Iside et Osiride.  See also Dr. Morton, and Ethnological Journal, 4th No p. 172.

[21] Gen. x. 6-20.

[22] Dr. Bush.

[23] Gen. ix.  I.

[24] Jones’s Biblical Cyclopaedia, p. 393.  Ps. lxxviii. 51.

[25] Ps. cv. 23.

[26] If Noah’s utterance were to be regarded as a prophecy, it applied only to the Canaanites, the descendants of Canaan, Noah’s grandson.  Nothing is said in reference to any person but Canaan in the supposed prophecy.

CHAPTER II.

THE NEGRO IN THE LIGHT OF PHILOLOGY, ETHNOLOGY, AND EGYPTOLOGY.

     CUSHIM AND ETHIOPIA.—­ETHIOPIANS, WHITE AND BLACK.—­NEGRO
     CHARACTERISTICS.—­THE DARK CONTINENT.—­THE ANTIQUITY OF THE
     NEGRO.—­INDISPUTABLE EVIDENCE.—­THE MILITARY AND SOCIAL
     CONDITION OF NEGROES.—­CAUSE OF COLOR.—­THE TERM ETHIOPIAN.

There seems to be a great deal of ignorance and confusion in the use of the word “Negro;"[27] and about as much trouble attends the proper classification of the inhabitants of Africa.  In the preceding chapter we endeavored to prove, not that Ham and Canaan were the progenitors of the Negro races,—­for that is admitted by the most consistent enemies of the blacks,—­but that the human race is one, and that Noah’s curse was not a divine prophecy.

The term “Negro” seems to be applied chiefly to the dark and woolly-haired people who inhabit Western Africa.  But the Negro is to be found also in Eastern Africa.[28] Zonaras says, “Chus is the person from whom the Cuseans are derived.  They are the same people as the Ethiopians.”  This view is corroborated by Josephus.[29] Apuleius, and Eusebius.  The Hebrew term “Cush” is translated Ethiopia by the Septuagint, Vulgate, and by almost all other versions, ancient and modern, as well as by the English version.  “It is not, therefore, to be doubted that the term ‘Cushim’ has by the interpretation of all ages been translated