On the 27th of January, 1683, Col.  Thomas Dongan was sent to New York as its governor, and charged with carrying out a long list of instructions laid down by his Royal Highness the Duke of York.  Gov.  Dongan arrived in New York during the latter part of August; and on the 13th of September, 1683, the council sitting at Fort James promulgated an order calling upon the people to elect representatives.  On the 17th October, 1683, the General Assembly met for the first time at Fort James, in the city of New York.  It is a great misfortune that the journals of both houses are lost.  The titles of the Acts passed have been preserved, and so far we are enabled to fairly judge of the character of the legislation of the new assembly.  On the 1st November, 1683, the Assembly passed “An Act for naturalizing all those of foreign nations at present inhabiting within this province and professing Christianity, and for encouragement for others to come and settle within the same."[230] This law was re-enacted in 1715, and provided, that “nothing contained in this Act is to be construed to discharge or set at liberty any servant, bondman or slave, but only to have relation to such persons as are free at the making hereof."[231]

So the mild system of domestic slavery introduced by the Dutch now received the sanction of positive British law.  Most of the slaves in the Province of New York, from the time they were first introduced, down to 1664, had been the property of the West-India Company.  As such they had small plots of land to work for their own benefit, and were not without hope of emancipation some day.  But under the English government the condition of the slave was clearly defined by law and one of great hardships.  On the 24th of October, 1684, an Act was passed in which slavery was for the first time regarded as a legitimate institution in the Province of New York under the English government.[232]

The slave-trade grew.  New York began to feel the necessity of a larger number of slaves.  In 1702 her “most gracious majesty,” Queen Anne, among many instructions to the royal governor, directed that the people “take especial care, that God Almighty be devoutly and duly served,” and that the “Royal African Company of England” “take especial care that the said Province may have a constant and sufficient supply of merchantable Negroes, at moderate rates."[233] It was a marvellous zeal that led the good queen to build up the Church of England alongside of the institution of human slavery.  It was an impartial zeal that sought their mutual growth,—­the one intended by our divine Lord to give mankind absolute liberty, the other intended by man to rob mankind of the great boon of freedom!  But with the sanction of statutory legislation, and the silent acquiescence of the Church, the foundations of the institution of slavery were firmly laid in the approving conscience of a selfish public.  Dazzled by prospective riches, and unscrupulous in