The first victims were the Jews who resided in Moscow illegally or semi-legally, the latter living in the suburbs.  They were subjected to a sudden nocturnal attack, a “raid,” which was directed by the savage Cossack general Yurkovski, the police commissioner-in-chief.  During the night following the promulgation of the ukase large detachments of policemen and firemen made their appearance in the section of the city called Zaryadye, where the bulk of the “illegal” Jewish residents were huddled together, more particularly in the immense so-called Glebov Yard, the former ghetto of Moscow.  The police invaded the Jewish homes, aroused the scared inhabitants from their beds, and drove the semi-naked men, women, and children to the police stations, where they were kept in filthy cells for a day and sometimes longer.  Some of the prisoners were released by the police which first wrested from them a written pledge to leave the city immediately.  Others were evicted under a police convoy and sent out of the city like criminals, through the transportation prison. [1] Many families, having been forewarned of the impending raid, decided to spend the night outside their homes to avoid arrest and maltreatment at the hands of the police.  They hid themselves in the outlying sections of the city and on the cemeteries; they walked or rode all over the city the whole night.  Many an estimable Jew was forced to shelter his wife and children, stiffened from cold, in houses of ill repute which were open all night.  But even these fugitives ultimately fell into the hands of the police inquisition.

[Footnote 1:  Transportation prisons are prisons in which convicts sentenced to deportation (primarily to Siberia) are kept pending their deportation.  Such prisons were to be found in the large Russian centers, among them in Moscow.]

Such were the methods by which Moscow was purged of its rightless Jewish inhabitants a whole month before Grand Duke Sergius made his entrance into the city.  The grand duke was followed soon afterwards, in the month of May, by the Tzar himself, who stopped in the second Russian capital on his way to the Crimea.  A retired Jewish soldier was courageous enough to address a petition to the Tzar, imploring him in touching terms to allow the former Jewish soldiers to remain in Moscow.  The request of the Jewish soldier met with a quick response:  he was sent to jail and subsequently evicted.

The establishment of the new regime in Moscow was followed, in accordance with the provisions of the recent ukase, by the “gradual” expulsion of the huge number of master workmen and artisans who had enjoyed for many years the right of residence in that city and were now suddenly deprived of this right by a despotic caprice.  The local authorities included among the victims of expulsion even the so-called “circular Jews,” i.e., those who had been allowed to remain in Moscow by virtue of the ministerial circular of 1880, granting the right of