XIX.  The reaction under Alexander II.
   1.  Change of Attitude Toward the Jewish Problem 184
   2.  The Informer Jacob Brafman 187
   3.  The Fight Against Jewish “Separatism” 190
   4.  The Drift Toward Oppression 198

XX.  The inner life of Russian Jewry during the reign of Alexander II.
   1.  The Russification of the Jewish Intelligenzia 206
   2.  The Society for the Diffusion of Enlightenment 214
   3.  The Jewish Press 216
   4.  The Jews and the Revolutionary Movement 221
   5.  The Neo-Hebraic Renaissance 224
   6.  The Harbinger of Jewish Nationalism (Perez Smolenskin) 233
   7.  Jewish Literature in the Russian Language 238

XXI.  The accession of Alexander III.  And the inauguration of pogroms.
   1.  The Triumph of Autocracy 243
   2.  The Initiation of the Pogrom Policy 247
   3.  The Pogrom at Kiev 251
   4.  Further Outbreaks in South Russia 256

XXII.  The anti-Jewish policies of Ignatyev.
   1.  The Vacillating Attitude of the Authorities 259
   2.  The Pogrom Panic and the Beginning of the Exodus 265
   3.  The Gubernatorial Commissions 269
   4.  The Spread of Anti-Semitism 276
   5.  The Pogrom at Warsaw 280

XXIII.  New measures of oppression and public protests.
   1.  The Despair of Russian Jewry 284
   2.  The Voice of England and America 287
   3.  The Problem of Emigration and the Pogrom at Balta 297
   4.  The Conference of Jewish Notables at St. Petersburg 304

XXIV.  Legislative pogroms.
   1.  The “Temporary Rules” of May 3, 1882 309
   2.  Abandonment of the Pogrom Policy 312
   3.  Disabilities and Emigration 318

XXV.  Inner upheavals.
   1.  Disillusionment of the Intelligenzia and the National
      Revival 324
   2.  Pinsker’s “Autoemancipation” 330
   3.  Miscarried Religious Reforms 333