What these “savage scenes” were we do not learn from the newspapers, which were forbidden by the censor to report them, but we know them partly from unpublished sources and partly from the later court proceedings.  Aside from the demolition of twelve hundred and fifty houses and business places and the destruction and pillage of property and merchandise—­according to a statement of the local rabbi, “all well-to-do Jews were turned into beggars, and more than fifteen thousand people were sent out into the wide world “—­a large number of people were killed and maimed, and many women were violated.  Forty Jews were slain or dangerously wounded; one hundred and seventy received slight wounds; many Jews, and particularly Jewesses, became insane from fright.  There were more than twenty cases of rape.  The seventeen year old daughter of a poor polisher, Eda Maliss by name, was attacked by a horde of bestial lads before the eyes of her brother.  When the mother of the unfortunate girl ran into the street and called to her aid a policeman who was standing near-by, the latter followed the woman into the house, and then, instead of helping her, dishonored her on the spot.  The fiendish hordes invaded the home of Baruch Shlakhovski, and began their bloody work by slaying the master of the house, whereupon his wife and daughter fled and hid themselves in a near-by orchard.  Here a Russian neighbor lured them into his house under the pretext of defending their honor against the rioters, but, once in his house, he disgraced the daughter in the presence of her mother.  In many cases the soldiers of the local garrison assaulted and beat the Jews who showed themselves on the streets while the “military operations” of the mob were going on.  In accordance with the customary pogrom ritual, the human fiends were left undisturbed for two days, and only on the third day were troops summoned from a near-by city to put a stop to the atrocities.

On the same day the governor of Podolia arrived to make an investigation.  It was soon learned that the local authorities, the police commissioner, the Ispravnik, the military commander, the burgomaster, and the president of the nobility [1] had either directly or indirectly abetted the pogrom.  Many rioters, who had been arrested by the police, were soon released, because they threatened otherwise to point out to the higher authorities the ringleaders from among the local officials and the representatives of Russian society.  The Jews, again, were constantly terrorized by these scoundrels and cowed by the fear of massacres and complete annihilation, in case they dared to expose their hangmen before the courts.

[Footnote 1:  The nobility of each government forms an organization of its own.  It is headed by a president for the entire government who has under his jurisdiction a president for each district (or county).  Such a county president is referred to in the text.]