CHAPTER PAGE

XIII.  The military despotism of Nicholas I.
   1.  Military Service as a Means of De-Judaization 13
   2.  The Recruiting Ukase of 1827 and Juvenile Conscription 18
   3.  Military Martyrdom 22
   4.  The Policy of Expulsions 30
   5.  The Codification of Jewish Disabilities 34
   6.  The Russian Censorship and Conversionist Endeavors 41

XIV.  Compulsory enlightenment and increased oppression.
   1.  Enlightenment as a Means of Assimilation 46
   2.  Uvarov and Lilienthal 50
   3.  The Abolition of Jewish Autonomy and Renewed Persecutions 59
   4.  Intercession of Western European Jewry 66
   5.  The Economic Plight of Russian Jewry and Agricultural
      Experiments 69
   6.  The Ritual Murder Trial of Velizh 72
   7.  The Mstislavl Affair 84

XV.  The Jews in the kingdom of Poland.
   1.  Plans of Jewish Emancipation 88
   2.  Political Reaction and Literary Anti-Semitism 94
   3.  Assimilationist Tendencies Among the Jews of Poland 100
   4.  The Jews and the Polish Insurrection of 1831 105

XVI.  The inner life of Russian Jewry during the period of military despotism.
   1.  The Uncompromising Attitude of Rabbinism 111
   2.  The Stagnation of Hasidism 116
   3.  The Russian Mendelssohn (Isaac Baer Levinsohn) 125
   4.  The Rise of Neo-Hebraic Culture 132
   5.  The Jews and the Russian People 138

XVII.  The last years of Nicholas I.
   1.  The “Assortment” of the Jews 140
   2.  Compulsory Assimilation 143
   3.  New Conscription Horrors 145
   4.  The Ritual Murder Trial of Saratov 150

XVIII.  The era of reforms under Alexander II.
   1.  The Abolition of Juvenile Conscription 154
   2.  “Homeopathic” Emancipation and the Policy of “Fusion” 157
   3.  The Extension of the Right of Residence 161
   4.  Further Alleviations and Attempts at Russification 172
   5.  The Jews and the Polish Insurrection of 1863 177