the manner of those same forefathers, and attribute it to what there is amongst us of sloth and self-indulgence, to God’s wrath upon our drinking habits or our neglect of Sunday observance:  we should trace it to a foul chimney and translate our discovery into a Bye-law, maybe into a local Fire Brigade.  That is how men improve their knowledge, and, through their knowledge, their wellbeing—­by sifting out what is relevant.

“Do you suppose that irrelevances account for this war any more than they account for a fire or a pestilence; or that they will any more help us to grapple with it?  Truly it would seem so,” sighed Mr Hambly.  “A great deal of fervid stuff was uttered in England last Sunday by archbishops, bishops, presidents of this and that Free Church; and the ‘religious newspapers’ have been full of these utterances.  God forgive my presumption that, as I walk the streets of Polpier, I seem to hear all these popular men preaching with acceptance about nothing in particular!

“They all start by denouncing or deploring Germany’s obvious sins:  her exaltation of Might against Right, her lust of world-dominion, the ruthlessness of her foreign policy, the vainglorious boastings of her professors.  No great harm in this!—­for all these have contributed to bring this war about, and are therefore relevant.  But when the preacher turns to the examination—­for us so much more profitable—­of our own sins, what has the preacher to say?  Why, always in effect that, though it passeth comprehension why Germany should be chosen to punish us (being so much worse than ourselves), we deserve punishment somehow for our drinking, swearing, and gambling habits, for the state of the poor in our cities, for our worship of wealth, for having a Liberal Government. . . .

“Absurd as it may seem, that last gets nearest to sense; for wars are made, or at any rate accepted by, governments; and in a democratic country the government of the day represents the nation, or the nation is to blame.  But believe me, my friends, God does not punish in this haphazard way.  He punishes scientifically; or rather he allows men to punish themselves, by reaping the evil from the cause they have planted or neglected to remove:  and the harvest comes true to the seed.

“The War as yet is scarcely a week old.  It came upon us like a thief in the night, and as yet none of us can tell how far we are blameworthy.  We have not the evidence.

“There will be time enough, when we have it, to search out the true reasons for national penitence.  I do not believe in being penitent at haphazard:  I have too much respect for that spiritual exercise.  Still less do I believe in running up to God’s mercy-seat with a lapful of unassorted sins and the plea, ’Dear Lord, we are doubtless guilty of all these.  Being in affliction, we are probably right in believing that one or more of them has provoked Thy displeasure, and are ready to do penance for any