CIRCUMSTANCES FOR MERCY.

  Not being principal. 
  Probable want of early and deliberate purposes. 
  Youth where the highest malice does not appear. 
  Sex where the highest malice does not appear. 
  Intoxication and levity, or mere wantonness of any kind.

A

LETTER

TO

THE RIGHT HON.  HENRY DUNDAS,

ONE OF HIS MAJESTY’S PRINCIPAL SECRETARIES OF STATE.

WITH THE

SKETCH OF A NEGRO CODE.

1792.

Dear Sir,—­I should have been punctual in sending you the sketch I promised of my old African Code, if some friends from London had not come in upon me last Saturday, and engaged me till noon this day:  I send this packet by one of them who is still here.  If what I send be, as under present circumstances it must be, imperfect, you will excuse it, as being done near twelve years ago.  About four years since I made an abstract of it, upon which I cannot at present lay my hands; but I hope the marginal heads will in some measure supply it.

If the African trade could be considered with regard to itself only, and as a single object, I should think the utter abolition to be on the whole more advisable than any scheme of regulation an reform.  Rather than suffer it to continue as it is, I heartily wish it at an end.  What has been lately done has been done by a popular spirit, which seldom calls for, and indeed very rarely relishes, a system made up of a great variety of parts, and which is to operate its effect in a great length of time.  The people like short methods; the consequences of which they sometimes have reason to repent of.  Abolition is but a single act.  To prove the nature of the trade, and to expose it properly, required, indeed, a vast collection of materials, which have been laboriously collected, and compiled with great judgment.  It required also much perseverance and address to excite the spirit which has been excited without doors, and which has carried it through.  The greatest eloquence ever displayed in the House has been employed to second the efforts which have been made abroad.  All this, however, leads but to one single resolve.  When this was done, all was done.  I speak of absolute and immediate abolition, the point which the first motions went to, and which is in effect still pressed; though in this session, according to order, it cannot take effect.  A remote, and a gradual abolition, though they may be connected, are not the same thing.  The idea of the House seems to me, if I rightly comprehend it, that the two things are to be combined:  that is to say, that the trade is gradually to decline, and to cease entirely at a determinate period.  To make the abolition gradual, the regulations must operate as a strong discouragement.  But it is much to be feared that a trade continued and discouraged, and with a sentence of death passed upon it, will perpetuate much ill blood between those who struggle for the abolition and those who contend for an effectual continuance.