When tidings of this bold deed were carried to England, King George was greatly enraged.  Parliament immediately passed an act, by which all vessels were forbidden to take in or discharge their cargoes at the port of Boston.  In this way, they expected to ruin all the merchants, and starve the poor people, by depriving them of employment.  At the same time, another act was passed, taking away many rights and privileges which had been granted in the charter of Massachusetts.

Governor Hutchinson, soon afterward, was summoned to England, in order that he might give his advice about the management of American affairs.  General Gage, an officer of the Old French War, and since commander-in-chief of the British forces in America, was appointed governor in his stead.  One of his first acts, was to make Salem, instead of Boston, the metropolis of Massachusetts, by summoning the General Court to meet there.

According to Grandfather’s description, this was the most gloomy time that Massachusetts had ever seen.  The people groaned under as heavy a tyranny as in the days of Sir Edmund Andros.  Boston looked as if it were afflicted with some dreadful pestilence,—­so sad were the inhabitants, and so desolate the streets.  There was no cheerful hum of business.  The merchants shut up their warehouses, and the laboring men stood idle about the wharves.  But all America felt interested in the good town of Boston; and contributions were raised, in many places, for the relief of the poor inhabitants.

“Our dear old chair!” exclaimed Clara.  “How dismal it must have been now!”

“Oh,” replied Grandfather, “a gay throng of officers had now come back to the British Coffee House; so that the old chair had no lack of mirthful company.  Soon after General Gage became governor, a great many troops had arrived, and were encamped upon the Common.  Boston was now a garrisoned and fortified town; for the general had built a battery across the neck, on the road to Roxbury, and placed guards for its defence.  Every thing looked as if a civil war were close at hand.”

“Did the people make ready to fight?” asked Charley.

“A continental Congress assembled at Philadelphia,” said Grandfather, “and proposed such measures as they thought most conducive to the public good.  A provincial Congress was likewise chosen in Massachusetts.  They exhorted the people to arm and discipline themselves.  A great number of minute men were enrolled.  The Americans called them minute men, because they engaged to be ready to fight at a minute’s warning.  The English officers laughed, and said that the name was a very proper one, because the minute men would run away the the minute they saw the enemy.  Whether they would fight or run, was soon to be proved.”

Grandfather told the children, that the first open resistance offered to the British troops, in the province of Massachusetts was at Salem.  Colonel Timothy Pickering, with thirty or forty militia men, prevented the English colonel, Leslie, with four times as many regular soldiers, from taking possession of some military stores.  No blood was shed on this occasion; but, soon afterward, it began to flow.