The least reflection will suffice to satisfy any reasonable man that the speculative notions of rude, uneducated masses, so faithfully described by the Scotch Reviewer, are, for the most part, grossly absurd and consequently the reverse of true.  If the masses of all nations are ignorant, intolerant, suspicious, unjust, and uncandid, without the sagacity which discovers what is right, or the intelligence which comprehends it when pointed out, or the morality which requires it to be done, who with the least shadow of claim to be accounted reasonable will assert that a speculative heresy is the worse for being unpopular, or that an opinion is false, and must be demoralising in its influence, because the majority of mankind declare it so.

I would not have it inferred from the foregoing remarks that horror of Universalism, and detestation of its apostles, is confined to the low, the vulgar, the base, or the illiterate.  Any such inference would be wrong, for it is certainly true that learned, benevolent, and very able Christian writers, have signalised themselves in the work of obstructing the progress of Universalism by denouncing its principles, and imputing all manner of wickedness to its defenders.  It must, indeed, be admitted that their conduct in this particular amply justifies pious Matthew Henry’s confession that ’of all the Christian graces, zeal is most apt to turn sour.’

One John Ryland, A.M., of Northampton, published a ’Preceptor, or General Repository of useful information, very necessary for the various ages and departments of life,’ in which ’pride and lust, a corrupt pride of heart, and a furious filthy lust of body,’ are announced as the Atheist’s ‘springs of action,’ ’desire to act the beast without control, and live like a devil without a check of conscience,’ his only ’reasons for opposing the existence of God,’ in which he is told ’a world of creatures are up in arms against him to kill him as they would a venomous mad dog,’ in which, among other hard names, he is called ‘absurd fool,’ ‘beast,’ ‘dirty monster,’ ‘brute,’ ‘gloomy dark animal,’ ‘enemy of mankind,’ ‘wolf to civil society,’ ’butcher and murderer of the human race,’ in which, moreover, he is cursed in the following hearty terms;—­’Let the glorious mass of fire burn him, let the moon light him to the gallows, let the stars in their courses fight against the Atheist, let the force of the comets dash him to pieces, let the roar of thunders strike him deaf, let red lightnings blast his guilty soul, let the sea lift up her mighty waves to bury him, let the lion tear him to pieces, let dogs devour him, let the air poison him, let the next crumb of bread choke him, nay, let the dull ass spurn him to death.’

This is a notable specimen of zeal turned sour.