The peasants, in all probability, are the descendants of these ancient proprietors, Romans or Gauls.  But if they fail, in any degree, in the titles which they make on the principles of antiquaries and lawyers, they retreat into the citadel of the rights of men.  There they find that men are equal; and the earth, the kind and equal mother of all, ought not to be monopolized to foster the pride and luxury of any men, who by nature are no better than themselves, and who, if they do not labor for their bread, are worse.  They find, that, by the laws of Nature, the occupant and subduer of the soil is the true proprietor,—­that there is no prescription against Nature,—­and that the agreements (where any there are) which have been made with the landlords during the time of slavery are only the effect of duresse and force,—­and that, when the people reentered into the rights of men, those agreements were made as void as everything else which had been settled under the prevalence of the old feudal and aristocratic tyranny.  They will tell you that they see no difference between an idler with a hat and a national cockade and an idler in a cowl or in a rochet.  If you ground the title to rents on succession and prescription, they tell you from the speech of M. Camus, published by the National Assembly for their information, that things ill begun cannot avail themselves of prescription,—­that the title of those lords was vicious in its origin,—­and that force is at least as bad as fraud.  As to the title by succession, they will tell you that the succession of those who have cultivated the soil is the true pedigree of property, and not rotten parchments and silly substitutions,—­that the lords have enjoyed their usurpation too long,—­and that, if they allow to these lay monks any charitable pension, they ought to be thankful to the bounty of the true proprietor, who is so generous towards a false claimant to his goods.

When the peasants give you back that coin of sophistic reason on which you have set your image and superscription, you cry it down as base money, and tell them you will pay for the future with French guards and dragoons and hussars.  You hold up, to chastise them, the second-hand authority of a king, who is only the instrument of destroying, without any power of protecting either the people or his own person.  Through him, it seems, you will make yourselves obeyed.  They answer,—­“You have taught us that there are no gentlemen; and which of your principles teach us to bow to kings whom we have not elected?  We know, without your teaching, that lands were given for the support of feudal dignities, feudal titles, and feudal offices.  When you took down the cause as a grievance, why should the more grievous effect remain?  As there are now no hereditary honors and no distinguished families, why are we taxed to maintain what you tell us ought not to exist?  You have sent down our old aristocratic landlords in no other character and with no other title but